Airbus

Airbus began with a union of Aerospace manufacturers. Founded around the century of European conservation agencies and aerospace companies, in 2001, permission was granted to establish an easy joint stock company owned by EADS (80%) and BAE system (20%). After a long sale process, BAE sold its share of the stake to EADS on October 13, 2006.

Airbus has employed nearly 57,000 employees in six different countries of the four European Union countries. Germany, France, United Kingdom and Spain. The final production is done in Toulouse (France), Hamburg (Germany), Seville (Spain) and Tianjin (China) since 2009. Airbus subsidiary companies in the US, Japan, China and India.

The company is known to produce and advertise the first commercially disastrous fly-by-wire airline.

The Airbus Industry was established by the union of European air commercial firms to match the American companies like Boing, McDonnell Douglas and Lockheed.

On the other hand, where many European airwaves were innovating, the most successful companies were producing too little. Gene Pearson, who was then the CEO and managing director of the Airbus industry in 1991, described many factors that explained the dominance of American aircraft manufacturers: the geography of the United States provided broadening the air base; The Anglo-American Treaty of 1942 assigns the responsibility of producing aircraft for the transfer of the US; And in World War II, America provided a profitable, enthusiastic, strong and constitutional airline industry structure.

In the mid-1960s, experimental conversations began to work together with the European Union. Individual aircraft companies had already imagined such a need; In 1959, Hawker Siddeley announced the version of the Armstrong Wheatworth AW.660 Argosian Airbus, which is 126 passengers on a very small scale 2D (d). Will be able to take direct operating costs of the seat mile. Although European aircraft manufacturers were aware of the dangers of this progress, and along with their government, they also began to accept that working together for the development of such aircraft and facing more powerful US manufacturers was very important. In the 1965 Paris Air Show, major European airlines unofficially discussed the requirements of their new Airbus, which would have a transport capacity of 100 or more passengers for a short or medium-range low cost. In the same year, Hawker Siddeley (from the UK government's insistence) joined Bridget and Nord to study the design of air buses. Hawker Siddeley / Bridget / Nord Group HBN 100 became the foundation of the continuity of the plan. By 1966, Sud Aviation became the partner of Aerospatiale (France), ArbitumCraft aircraft Airbus, then Dutch Airbus (Germany) and Hawker Siddeley (UK). In October 1966, three governments were asked to fund this. 25 July 1967 Three governments agree to proceed with the plan.

During the next two years of this convention, both the British and the French governments expressed doubts about the plan. MoU showed that 75 magazines should be received before 31 July 1968. The French government threatened to leave the project because of the excessive capital expenditure of the development of the Airbus A300 Concorde, Desolate Maracuré, but they were persuaded. In relation to A300B proposal in December 1968 and fear of the return on investment due to sales deficit, the British government announced to withdraw from its return on April 10, 1969. Germany took advantage of this opportunity to increase its stake by 50% in this scheme. After participating there by Hawker Siddeley, France and Germany expressed disrespect for the creation of its wing. Thus, the British company has provided special facilities to continue as a sub-contractor. Hawker Siddeley invested £ 35 (GB £ 35) million GB for equipment and received a second GB £ 35 (GB £ 35) million loan from the German government for more capital.

Airbus A300 Formation of the Airbus A300, the first model released by Airbus
The aircraft industry was formally established on 18 December 1970 as Groupmint de Interest Economic (Economical Related Group or GIE). It was founded in 1967 with the initiative of France, Germany and the UK government. The name Airbus was derived from someone whose own words were used in the aircraft industry in the 1960's. The term refers to a commercial dimension used by a commercial dimension, which was included in the French language linguistics. Aerospatiale and Deutsche Airbus took 36.5% of their share of production work as well as Hawker Siddley 20% and Fokker-VFW 7%. Each company had to deliver its part fully equipped, ready to fly. In October 1971, Spanish company CASA acquired 4.2% of the airline industry, with the reduction of Aerospatiale and Deutsche aircraft by 47.9%. In January 1979, British Aerospace acquired 20% of the airline's industry, which included Hawker Siddeley in 1977. Most shareholders reduced their shares to 37.9%, while the CASA retained its 4.2%.

The development of the Airplane A300 is an American Airlines A300B4-605R
The Airplane A300 was the first Airbus aircraft carrier developed, manufactured, and sold. At the beginning of 1967, a 320-seater airliner, identified with the name of the two-engine, was introduced by the name of A300. Following the 1967 Dual-Government Agreement, [[Roger Bateili] was appointed as a technical director for the A300 development project.]] Beteille created division of work in a way that would be the basis of the production of the aircraft over the years: France will make cockpit, flights The production of the lower middle section of the control and structure, Hawker did Sidli, whose Trident technology influenced it, To produce, Germany had to produce front and rear sections, along with the upper middle section, to make Dutch flaps and spoilers, and finally Spain (which was not yet full partner), the horizontal telpelen ) Was to be made. On September 26, 1967, the German, French and British governments signed a memorandum of understanding in London to allow development studies to continue. This allows Sud Aviation to be approved as a leader company, France and the UK each will have 37.5% work participation, Germany will produce 25% and Rolls-Royce engines.

Seeing the whimsy help of airlines for a 300+ seat aircondition A300, partners presented the idea of ​​the A 250, which later became A300B, a 250-seat airliner, which is already operating from a mobile engine. This led to a drastic reduction in production costs, as Rolls-Royce used the RB 207 in the A300 which cost a lot of money. The RB 207 faced many problems and delays because the entire focus of Rolls-Royce was in the development of another jet engine, RB 211, Lockheed L-1011, and rolls-Royce had a history of 1971. A300B was more economical and light weight than its three-engined American rivals.


In 1972 the first production model of the A300 made its first flight, the A300B2 came into service from 1974, which blurred the A300 timepiece Supersonic Aircraft Concorde. Initially, the success of the League was poor, but the order of the aircraft got a boost, America and Asia's air forces were targeted under the rightfulness of Airbus CEO Bernard Lethier's business expertise. By 1979 the union had 256 orders for the A300, and in the following year Airbus introduced the more advanced aircraft A310. Because of the introduction of the A320 in 1981, Airbus was convinced as the main player in the aircraft market - the aircraft had more than 400 orders before its first flight, compared to the A300 in only 19 of 1972.

Transition to Airbus SAS

The acquisition of manufacturing and engineering assets of the influential partner company made the airline industry a sales and marketing company. This arrangement resulted in incomplete self-interest struggles due to the inability of the four partner companies. All of them were GIE shareholders and sub-contractor of this union. Companies worked together to develop the Airbus range, but demanded to hide financial details of their production activities and increase the migration costs of sub-places. It was now clear that compared to its original statement, Airbus was not a temporary organization producing only one aircraft, but it became a long-established brand for future aircraft development. The work for the new medium-sized ship was started in the late 1980's. And by that time, the biggest product under the Airbus name was 330 and the Airbus A340.

Airbus A330, a new aircraft was introduced in 1994

In early 1990, the then CEO Jean-Pierce argued that GIE should be abandoned and Airbus should be established as a conservative company. However, the problem of combining four companies and their property valuation, due to its legal dispute, delayed its launch. In December 1998, when it was reported that British Aerospace and DASA were to be merged with each other, the Aerospatiale debated the negotiations of Airbus conversion; The French company fears that the accumulated BAE / DASA, which holds 57.9% of Airbus and will dominate the company, due to which they emphasize a 50/50 split. However, this issue ended in January 1999, when BAE discontinued talks with the DASA and merged with Marconi Electronic Systems to make BAE Systems. In the year 2000, four of the four partner companies (Daimler Chrysler Aerospace, the successor of Deutsche Airbus, the successor to Aerospatiel-Amount, Sud-Aviation; and CASA) decided to join each other to create EADS. Airbus France, Airbus Deutschland and Airbus Espany owned EADS and therefore 80% of the Airbus industry was getting. BAE Systems and EADS transferred their own product assets to a new company, in exchange for sharing in the aircraft SAS.

Development of A380

In the summer of 1988, a union of Airbus engineers began the development of the ultra-high-capacity airliner (UHCA) under the leadership of Jean Roder, to complete both the production line and to break Boeing's predominance which benefited from this market branch with its 747 Enjoyed. The project was announced at the Farnborough Air Show in 1990, with a goal of operating costs of 747-400 to 15%. Airbus organized four designers' designers, one of each of EADS's participants (Aerospatial, DaimlerChrysler Aerospace, British Aerospace, EADS CASA) was planned to develop a new technology for future aircraft design. In June 1994, Airbus began developing its own large airliner, after which it was named A3XX. Airbus took into account some designs, with the A340's strange two-step side-by-side connection, which was the largest jet of Airbus at that time. Airbus suggests a reduction of 15 to 20% in the current operating costs of Boeing 747-400 by improving its profile. The A3XX was adapted into a two-stage structure that had the ability of more passengers than the traditional one-level structure.

Five A380s were created to achieve experimental and realignment. On 18 January 2005, the first A380 unveiling ceremony was performed at the inauguration ceremony in Toulouse, and its first flight was to fly on April 27, 2005. After 54 minutes of successful landing, Chief pilot Jacques Rosse said that running the A380 is like handling a bicycle, on December 1, 2005, the A380 achieves maximum speed of 0.96 matches. On 10 Jan 2006, the A380 made its first trip to the Atlantic Ocean crossing Columbia's Madeleine.

Airbus A380, the world's first passenger jet, entered into the business service in 2007.

On October 3, 2006, CEO Chris Styris announced that the delay of the A380 was due to the use of an incompatible software to create an airplane. Initially, the modern 5th edition of the Kettia (made by Dassault) in Toulouse's Integration Plant was used, while the Hamburg factory outline center used the old unfinished version 4. As a result, the 530 km used in the entire aircraft ship The cable itself has to be recreated. Although no order was required to be canceled, Airbus had to pay millions of dollars due to late distribution.

On 15 October 2007, the first airship was provided to the Singapore Airlines and the inauguration flight was started between Singapore and Sydney on 25 October 2007. Two months later, CEO of Singapore Airlines, Chu Chung Seng said that the A380 is showing better performance than both Airbus and Airbus, and 20% less fuel than the 747-400 fleet per passenger is burning. Amirates was the second air company to release the A380 on July 28, 2008 and started flying between Dubai and New York on August 1, 2008. Following this, Contatos began to fly between Melbourne and Los Angeles on October 20, 2008, following this talk in 19 September 2008.

Sale of BAE Stack

On April 6, 2006, the BAE system announced to sell 20% of Airbus, which had a standard value of $ 3.5 billion (US $ 4.17bn). Analysts suggest that partnering with US companies is more financially and politically fit. BAE initially agreed with EADS at a price which was highly informally demanded. Because of long negotiations and price disagreements, BAE has offered its own option of appointing bank Rothsilde for independent assessment.

Singapore Airlines' A380 transit from London Heathrow Airport

Airbus has entered into a much larger international controversy due to the announcement of the delay of more than 380 A380 in June 2006. Due to the announcement, the value of the associated stock suddenly dropped 25% in a few days, however, it quickly improved again. The allegations were made against EADS CEO Noel Forgard on internal business, following the majority of the related components. Bey was particularly concerned about BAE's related affiliate damage, the newspapers described it as a terrible straight defeat between BAE and EADS so that BAE believed that this announcement was aimed at reducing its share price. The French shareholder group filed legal action against the EADS due to delay of 380, to keep investors in the dark due to financial implications, while air companies sought losses due to delayed distribution. Due to this, EADS head Noel Forgard and Airbus CEO Gustav Humbert announced their resignation on July 2, 2006.

On July 2, 2006, Rothsilde's BAE stock, much lower than the expectations of BAE analysts and EADS, was valued at less than 1.9 billion pounds (2.75 billion €). BAE appointed an independent accountant on July 5, due to the fact that due to the basic estimation of Rothshield, the value of Airbus stock was low; However, in September 2006, BAE agreed to sell EADS for 1.87 billion pounds (2.75 billion €, 3.53 billion dollars), in anticipation of the shareholders' approval of shares of its Airbus, BAE. On October 4, shareholders voted for EADS in favor of sales, maintaining full ownership of Airbus.

2007 restructuring

On October 9, 2006, Humbert's successor Christian Sheriff resigned after having a dispute over the independence of the Airbus rearrangement plan with EidS Pittu Institute. As his successor, EADS co-CEO, Louis Gallois, who brought Airbus more direct control with his coveted organization.

On February 28, 2007, CEO Luis Gallois announced the plan for the restructuring of the company. Entitled Power, the plan was to look at reducing 10,000 jobs in four years, including 4300 in France, 3700 in Germany, 1600 in the UK, 400 in Spain and 5000 sub-contractors of 10000. Plants in St. Nazare, Warrell and Leupheim have been in the position of sale or closure, while Nordenham and Filton are open for investment. On September 16, 2008, the Luftham Plant Thales-Dahl Union was sold to make the Dahl Airport and Filton's work was sold to the United Kingdom's GKN. As a result of this announcement, the plan to strike the Airbus Organization with France in collaboration with German Airbus workers.

At the end of 2009, another adventure plan was put in place. Airbus Finance Improvansant and Transformation (AFIT) has been launched to provide a platform for the continuous improvement of finances and beyond. At an early meeting of AFIT, Harold Wilhelm, Airbus CFO, explained that this new positive program will contribute to making financial work easier and more consistent. To make this objective AFIT will focus on four major improvements: To prepare performance management and executive reports, business partnerships and expectations, accounting procedures and tools, Airbus Letari road maps.

The first model of civilian products A318, A319, A320 and A321 Airliner series Airbus A320 Airbus A340-600, a long-hauled four-engined angled and large-size airliner

The world's first two-wheeled, two-engine airborne Airbus products start with the A300, smaller, propeller, and the A300 in the engine is known as A310. Inspired by its success, the Airbus A320 wires have begun innovatively through the flight control system. The A320 became a continuous, elaborate business venture. A318 and A319 are the small products under the production of Bees-Jet (Airbus Corporate Jet). Extended conversion is known as 321, and it has been proven to compete with the next Boeing 737 model.

Long-range and wide body-containing product A330 and four-engine A340 capable and improved wings. The operating capacity of the Airbus A340-500 is 16 700 kilometers (9000 nautical miles), which gives it the position of second commercial jet after Boeing 777-200LR (17 446 km or 9420 nautical miles capacity), which is such a long capacity. The company feels proud due to the general cockpit system and wire system of flying in the airplane family, which proves easier to train aircraft sailors.

Other new short-range airplanes are likely to be studying double NSR instead of the A320. This study shows the maximum 9-10% fuel efficiency for NSR. However, Airbus continued to improve the air dynamics using the existing A320 composition and the leaflet. If the initial flight of A320 is changed to 2017-2018, then the AAA 320 revised fuel capacity should be revised 4-5%,

On September 24, 2009, COO Fabrice Brigier Le Figaro suggested that the company would need € 800 million to € 1 billion in the next six years to develop new aircraft and maintain its company's mechanical height.

Airbus delivered its last A300 FedEx to end the production of A300 / 310 in July 2007. The aircraft has a desire to move from the Toulouse to the final connection of the A320, moving to Hamburg, and against the production of the A350 / A380 under the direction of the Ghost East CEO Cristian Struff under the Power 8 organization.

Airbus changed Concord to his 2003 retirement and provided service.

Military products

In the late 1990s, Airbus became more interested in the development and sale of military aircraft market. The magnitude was expected in the military aircraft market, as the airbus spread in the civil aviation industry was diminishing. Two main areas of its development were opened: Fueling the air by A310 MRTT and transferring the goods through strategic locations, the 400M MRTT.

On Seville on June 26, the first A400M

In January 1999, Airbus established Airbus Military SAS, a separate company, to transfer goods to strategic locations, to develop and produce a jet engine, the Airbus A400M was built. The A400M was developed by many NATO members, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Spain, Turkey and UK, to provide the ability to ship luggage in strategic locations rather than foreign airplanes like Ukrainian Antonov AN-124. Become a trusted option There was a lot of delay in the 400M plan. If Airbus threatened to stop the development if the state did not get financial support then

In 2008, Pakistan ordered the Airbus A310 MRTT, which was an adaptation of the existing air sample because the original sample was not in the A310 model. On February 25, 2008, it was announced that Airbus had received orders from United Emirates for three air-rigging multi-roller-tactical (MRTT) aircraft that matched the A303 Jet Jet. On March 1, 2008, it was announced that Airbus Union and Norrthrop Grüman would fill the fuel during a new flight, for the USAF, an order worth $ 35 billion for the aircraft carrier KC-45A, which is a USTM MRTT This decision was filed by Boeing in a formal complaint, and the KC-X contract was canceled for a fresh agreement.

Competition with Boeing

Every year Airbus is heavily in competition with Boeing for air ship orders. Although both manufacturers have a series of wide ranges of different products in different segments such as the single row of a wide range of seats, their aircrafts are not always in an emergency competition. In place of that, they have achieved a good extent by making a slightly larger or slightly smaller reactions in response to fulfilling the demand. The A380, for example, is designed to make it bigger than 747. The A350 XWB competes with the lower side of the 787 and the lower side of the 777. The A320 is larger than 737-700 but smaller than 737. The 321 is larger than the 737-900 but smaller than the previous 757-200. Air companies see this as a benefit because if the two companies create similar airplanes, they get more than 500 chairs and a full production line is awakened to 100 chairs.

Airbus A350 XWB in Etihad Airways Livery

In recent years, Boeing 777 is sold more in comparison to its airplane rivals, which include the A340 family as well as 330-300. Smaller competes with 330-200 767, which is more sold than its Boeing counterpart. Due to frequent delays in the A380 program, many customers have been seriously considering the newly renovated 747-8, although the sales of the A380 Boeing 747 are still being considered, and Airbus is believed to be part of the larger airplane market. Airbus has also planned the A350 XWB plan to compete with the fast-selling Boeing 787, after pressures to generate a replica that can compete with the airline.

About 5,102 Airbus airwaves are in service, arranging more than 50 percent of airwaves in recent years. Airbus products at 3 to 1 are still operating in the Boeing service (more than 4,500 to 737s are in the airline alone). This is, however, noteworthy for historical success - Airbus arrived late in the market of modern jet aircrafts (Boing's 1958 against the 1972).

Airbus received a large number of orders in 2003 and 2004. In 2005, compared to Airbus 1111 (net 1055) orders, rival Boeing received 1029 (net 1002) in the same year, although Boeing received 55% orders in 2005, and Boeing received more orders in the following year. Airbus achieved 824 orders in its 35-year history in 2006, making it the second year as the year before, as well as the best year for the company.

In July 2004, Boeing's CEO, Harry Stoniecefer, accused Airbus of abusing the 1992 EU-US bilateral agreement and demanded help from the government for civilian air vessels. The introduction of Airbus' Early Investment (RLI), which is called the initial aid by the US, has been issued by the European governments to return the money plus the uncertain royalty, including interest, but if the aircraft receives a bizarre success. Under the 1992 contract and WTO rules, Airbus has recognized this system as a whole. This treaty provided 33 percent of the program value from the government borrowing money which was to be paid fully in 17 years, including interest and royalty. This minimum amount should be taken as the minimum amount borrowed by the government, plus 0.25% is equal to the government, and Airbus should get it without governmental support less than market value. Erbus claimed that since the signing of the 1992 EU-US agreement, European governments have recovered more than 6.7 billion US dollars and this is 40% more than it has received.

Airbus argued that Boeing was given military contracts for the pork barrel, which was the second largest contract of US defense, which was in the form of relief, this type of contradiction was around the Boeing KC-767 military contract structure. The development process of the US Significant cooperation was also provided by the Government of NASA, Boeing, which provided Boeing tax relief, some people considered it as an ignorance of the 1992 agreement and the WTO rules. Its last products, such as the 787, provided financial assistance to Boeing through regional and state governments.

In January 2005, the representatives of the European Union and the United States business leaders, respectively, Peter Mandelson and Robert Zolick agreed to the discussion, keeping in mind the increasing pressure. The conversation was not successful and the dispute became more fierce rather than reaching the connivance.

Attendance in international manufacturing near Toulouse, the main office and headquarters of Airbus in Blagnac, near the Toulouse-Blagnac air base. ([245]) Main Airbus factory in Hamburg / Germany

The machines used by Airbus are in Tianjin, China for the Airbus A400M in Toulouse, France, Hamburg, Germany, Seville, Spain and the Airbus A320 series.

Although Airbus has many mechanical sites in different European locations, it is a basic mirror of its own. The basic solution to the problem of moving airplane pieces to different factories and mechanical connecting locations is the use of Beluga, especially the large jet, which is capable of carrying an entire piece of Airbus aircraft shingles. The resort also discovered Boeinge; Who connected his 3 747 airplanes to transfer parts of 787. The A380 is an exception in this scheme, which has a very big piece of pieces for the entire scalp and wings to carry Beluga. A large number of A380s were brought by a board ship, and after that the special wide road was shifted to the place of Toulouse's mechanical connection.

North America is an important region for Airbus as both airplane sales and supply providers. A total of 5,300 to 2,000 Airbus Jetlines sold by Airbus across the world, with orders ranging from 380 for 107-seat A338 to 565-passengers, each airborne North American customer has ordered. According to Airbus, US contractors, supporting about 120,000 jobs, earn an estimated $ 5.5 billion business worth. For example, in a representation of the A380, 51% of American part is as per the value of the work portion. A mechanical alliance will be built to manufacture the Casey-45A, A300-200MRTT and A330-200F in Mobil, Alabama.

Airbus opened its place in 2009 for its A320 series of aircraft, Tianjin, a connection between mechanical parts in the People's Republic of China. Airbus has started constructing a network of mechanical components to build parts, $ 350 million at Harbin, China in July 2009, which will employ 1,000 people. For the purpose of getting operational by the end of 2010, the plant of 30000 square meters will produce a joint part and will collect the joint part for the A350WBB, for the 320 family and future Airbus work. Harbin Aircraft Industry Group Corporation, Hafai Aviation Industry Company Limited, Avichin Industry and Technology Company and other Chinese partners hold 80% of the plant, while Airbus owns 20% of the remaining.

Environmental Note

Airbus connects with Hanwell and JetBlue Airways to reduce the efforts of pollution and oil dependence. They tried to develop biological fuels by 2030. The company was thinking that they can do one-fourth of the world's fleet of fuel. The plan was proposed to make biological fuel without affecting the food resources. Algae was a possible substance because it absorbed carbon dioxide and did not have any effect on the production of food. However, algae and other herbs were also in use, and the development of algae was expensive. Airbus has just flown from the first alternative fuel. In one engine, it runs from 60% kerosene and 40% gas to liquid fuel (GTL). This did not reduce the carbon export, but it was free from sulfur export. Alternative fuel was functioning properly in the Airbus engine, hence the need for a new airborne engine did not arise due to alternative fuel. This flight and the long-term efforts of the company to understand the environment's vision is the friendly development of the aircraft.

Workers according to the place of employment information

(December 31, 2006)

1 Name of urban / capital area is first, and then the name of the exact place in the bracket

Airbus aircraft cruiser system

The first letter of the first Greek alphabet in the ordering process for Airbus, followed by a break mark and then three numbers.

The sample number is the form of the letter, then the 3 digit, and then usually 0 (except for the ones 318, A319, A321, and A4M), eg 320. Since then, the three episodes represent a series of aircraft, respectively, the specific number of engine manufacturer and engine is shown respectively. For the use of A320-200 for the International Arrow Engine (IAE), for example V2500-A1; The symbol for the 200 series is 2, 3 for the IAE and the special number 1 of the engine, thus the airship number A320-231.