Air India Flight 182
Air India Flight 182 was a flight of Air India that ran on the Montreal-London-Delhi-Mumbai route. On June 23, 1985, the aircraft flying on this route - Boeing 747-237B (B) (c / n 21473/330 (c / n 21473/330), v. VT-EFO, name of Emperor Kanishka-it was kept, when it was passing through the Atlantic Ocean in Ireland's sky, it was overwhelmed with a bomb at 31,000 feet (9,400 m) and it collapsed in the ocean. 329 people were killed, including 280 Canadian citizens, most people were born Indian or Indian origin, and 22 Indians. This was the largest mass massacre created in modern Canadian history. Within minutes of Narita airport bombing, the plane exploded and collapsed.
The investigation and the complaint lasted nearly 20 years and this was the most costly trial in Canada's history, which cost an estimated 130 million CAD (CAD $). The Special Cell had not been found guilty of being convicted, they were released. After the argument of being a criminal in 2003, only one person was convicted of manslaughter for involvement in the bombing. In 2006, the Governor-General-In-Council appointed appointment of former Supreme Court Justice John Major to the Commission of Inquiry and his report was fully and famous on June 17, 2010. It was found that a series of errors in the Canadian Government, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, were able to attack the terrorists.
Boeing 747-237B was submitted to Emperor Kanishka, Air India on June 26, 1978, it flew from Toronto to Montreal and AI 181 (AI181) from Montréal to London via London and Delhi to Delhi as AI 181.
On June 20, 1985, a person called Mr Singh, at approximately 0100 GMT, made a reservation of tickets for two flights on June 22, one of which was for Canadian Pacific Flight (CP) Airlines Flight 086 from Vancouver to Toronto for Jaswand Singh and Second CP Airlines Flight in 003 from Vancouver to Tokyo and Air India (AI) Flight 301 in advance to Bangkok for ticket Mohinderbal Singh Was. On the same day at 0220 GMT, another call came up, changed the reservation of the name of Jaswand Singh, who went via CP 086 to CP 060 and changed the venue to Vancouver from Vancouver. The call carrier also requested to keep itself in the electoral prospect from the Toronto to Montréal 181 and Montréal to Bombay in the AI 182. At 1910 GMT, a person paid $ 3,005 in cash for two tickets at the CP's ticket office in Vancouver. This person also changed the name in reservation: Jaswand Singh M. Singh became and Mohinderbal Singh L. Singh has become.
On June 22, 1985, 1330 GMT calling himself Manjit Singh on the phone calls to AI to confirm his reservation in Flight 181/182. It was told that he is still on the waiting list, and he was proposed an alternative system, which he refused.
Bomb Blast
At the time of 15:50 GMT on June 22, Singh entered Vancouver International Airport for the Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 60 in Toronto and it was not included in the seat no. 10 Be given. He sought to send his dark brown, hard-sided Samsonite suitcase to Air India Flight 181 and then to Flight 182. A Canadian Pacific Air Lines agent initially rejected his request to send the goods to the other line, because his seat from Toronto and Montréal to Bombay had not been completed, but later he succumbed.
16:18 GMT A, Canadian Pacific Air Lines flight 60 to Toronto Pearson International Airport flew without Mr Singh.
20:22 GMT A, Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 60 came in 12 minutes late in Toronto. Some passengers and luggage, including Mr Singh's bag, were transferred to Air India Flight 181.
00:15 At the time of GMT (now 23 June), Air India Flight 181, flying to Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, flew from Toronto Pearson International Airport with 1 hour and 40 minutes delay. The aircraft was delayed due to an extra engine sent to India to sleep by fifth pod under the left wing of the aircraft. The aircraft arrived at Montréal-Mirabel International Airport at 01:00 GMT. At Montreal, this flight flight 182 has become Air India.
Air India flight 182, which is going to Delhi and Bombay, flew from Montréal to go to London. There were 329 people on board; Including 307 passengers and 22 crew. The flight commander Captain Hans Singh Narendra, and Captain Satinder Singh Bhinder were the first officers; Dara Dumasia was working as a flight engineer for the flight. Most passengers were traveling to meet their family and friends.
07:14:01 At the time of GMT, the Boeing 747 Squawked 2005 (a daily activation of its aviation transponders) disappeared and the plane started to split in the sky. Shannon International Airport's Air Traffic Control (ATC) did not receive any disaster message. ATC asked the air force in this area to try to contact Air India, but it did not help. At 07:30:00 GMT, ATC announced an emergency and requested the nearby Malawak ships and the Irish naval service ship Le Aisling to find the plane.
A commemorative plaque provided to the citizens of Ireland's Bantryby by the Canadian authorities for the kindness and benevolence shown by the people of Ireland towards families of Air India Flight 182 victims.
While the plane was in mid-sky at a height of 30,000 feet, the explosion took place in San Jose tuner in a suitcase in forward cargo at 51 ° 3.6 'N 12 ° 49'W / 51.0600 ° N 12.817 ° W / 51.0600; -12.817Coordinates: 51 ° 3.6'N 12 ° 49'W / 51.0600 ° N 12.817 ° W / 51.0600; -12.817 Due to the bomb, the pressure of air dropped rapidly, and due to which the aircraft started flying in flight. In Ireland, the aircraft was scattered in 6,700 feet (2,000 meters) of deep water, 120 miles (190 km) away from the south-east coast of County Cork.
Five minutes after the plane's disappearance, two people, who were carrying goods to the explosion in the suitcase of one of the convicted conspirators at Japan's Narita Airport, died and four nearby wounded. The suitcase had to go to another airline at Narita.
Recovery
By 09:13:00 GMT, the ship carrying the Laurentian Forest was found to be debris and many bodies floating in the water.
Due to this bomb, all the 22 people and 307 passengers of the crew were killed. After the accident, medical reports provided a graphical picture of the results of passengers and aircraft crew. Of the 329 people in the plane, the bodies of 131 people were taken; 198 people were lost in the sea Flat type injuries were found in eight bodies, which indicated that they had jumped from the plane before the water was in water. Apart from this, it was also indicating that the plane collapsed in the mid-sky. Twenty-one sexes showed signs of hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Twenty-five bodies, which were sitting near the window, showed signs of expulsive decimation. Twenty-three bodies had signs of injuries caused by high pressure. Twenty-one passengers were found to be dressed little or nothing.
An official was quoted in the report as saying that the post mortem report said all the victims were killed due to multiple injuries. Two of the dead, one infant and one child died due to suffocation. There is no doubt about the death of infants due to suffocation. There is a bit of suspicion in the case of another child (corp No. 93) because the signs on it may occur due to an anchor point fluctuating in the plane or in the ankles. The other three victims died undoubtedly died due to water sinking.
Flight line guard (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) box to display the box, the Guardian locator with the ultra-modern sonar machine, and the French cable carrying ship Leon Thevenian, which was equipped with a robot submarine scarab, dispatched it. Done Finding boxes was tough and it was necessary to immediately start exploration. By 4th July, the Guardline locator identified signals found on the seabed and on 9 July the CVR was detected and it was brought to the surface by scarab. The next day the FDR was found and it was received.
Victims
The list of casualties listed above has been provided by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Suspects
The main suspects of this bombing were members of the Sikh separatist group (which was banned from being a terrorist group in Europe and the United States), and other related groups, called Babbar Khalsa, who were then running a movement for a separate Sikh state known as Khalistan in Punjab of India.
Talwinder Singh Parmar, a Canadian citizen, was born in Punjab and lived in British Columbia. He had a high position in Babbar Khalsa. Three months before the bombing, his phone was taped by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). In 1992, when the police was in custody, Punjab was killed by the police. Indrajit Singh Reyat lived in Duncan on Vancouver Island and was working as an auto mechanic and electrician. Ripudaman Singh Malik, a businessman from Vancouver, who helped fund the credit union and various Khalsa schools. Recently, it was found that it was not involved in the bombing or convicted. Ajayb Singh Bagri, who was a mill worker living in Kamloops. He also found innocent with Ripudaman Singh Malik in 2007. Surjan Singh Gil, who lived as a self-proclaimed consul-general of Khalistan in Vancouver. Later he is believed to have escaped from Canada and hidden in England in London. Haradal Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh, both of whom were followers of Parmar and they were active in gurudwara, where they performed sadhna. On November 15, 2002, Johal died for natural reasons at 55 years of age. He allegedly hid a suitcase containing bombs in a school basement in Vancouver, but in this case he was never charged. Daljit Sandhu's name was later opened by a witness to the witness, according to which he took tickets for the bombing. During the trial, the prosecutor showed a video of January 1989 in which Sandhu congratulated the families of Indira Gandhi's assassins and said that she deserved it and she invited it (death) and that is why she got it. Judge Josephus left Sandhu in his verdict on March 16th. Lakhbir Singh Brar Rode, leader of the Sikh separatist organization International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF). In the alleged confession made by Parmar, his name opened as the main mastermind of the blast, but these details did not appear to be consistent with other available evidence.
On 6 November 1985, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), printed on Sikh separatists Talwinder Singh Parmar, Indrajit Singh Reyat, Surjan Singh Gil, Hardal Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh's houses.
In September 2007, the commission investigated reports were published in India's inventive news magazine, Tahleka, which states that Lakhbir Singh Brar Road, a man unnamed so far, was the main custodian of the blasts. This report appears to be not compatible with other evidence found in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
Investigation
For more than six years in worldwide investigations, many of the conspiracy theories are opened:
The bombing was a joint conspiracy of at least two Sikh extremist groups with extensive membership in Canada, USA, England and India. In June 1984, his anger broke out due to the attack on the Golden Temple at the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar. A few hours before June 22, 1985, M. Singh and L. Two people with Singh's ticket entered the Vancouver International Airport with their bagged bag. Both the men failed to board their flight. like this. Singh, who came with the bag, exploded in Air India Flight 182. L. The second bag, which was brought by Singh, went to Vancouver Pacific Air Lines Flight 00, which was flying from Vancouver to Tokyo. Its target was Flight 301 of Air India flight to Bangkok-Don Muang as it would soon be traveling with 177 passengers and crew, but these bombs exploded in the Terminal of Narita Airport. Two Japanese people carrying goods were killed and four other people were injured. The identity of these two people remained unidentified. The police believe in a third man as the main player. On June 4, 1985, agents of CSIS pursuing Talwinder Singh Parmar identify him as an unknown male. This man is described as a young man, who had gone to Duncan from Vancouver on the Vancouver Island by Ferry Ride, where he and Parmar took part in the explosion of a device created by Indrajit Singh Reyat. This third man l. Singh or Lal Singh is also associated with travel by tickets purchased under the name. Air India trial
Sikh separatists Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajayb Singh Bagri were accused in the bombing, this trial became known as Air India Trial.
Accusation and conviction
After a long process of extradition of Reyat from England on May 10, 1991, Narita proved to be accused of airport bombing and two charges of four bomb blasts related to the bombing. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
15 years after the bombing, on October 27, 2000, RCMP arrested Malik and Bagri. They were convicted of killing 329 people in the Air India Flight 132, plotting to murder, passengers of the Canadian Pacific Flight at the New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport) and the attempted murder of the crew, and the killing of people carrying goods at New Tokyo International Airport The accused were charged
On June 6, 2001, RCMP arrested Reyat on charges of murder, attempt to murder and conspiracy in the Air India bombing. On February 10, 2003, Reyat was convicted of one of the humanitarian accusations and accused of helping to build a bomb. He was sentenced to five years in prison. Malik and Bagri were likely to give evidence in the trial, but the prosecutor was unclear.
The trial proceedings ran in courtroom 20 from April 2003 to December 2004, commonly known as Air India courtroom. At a cost of $ 7.2 million, a high-security courtroom was specially set up for hearing in the Vancouver Law Courts.
On March 16, 2005, Justice Ian Josephson found innocence in all the offenses of Malik and Bagri, as the evidence was insufficient:
I started with the description of the feudal form of terrorism, the threatening form of the action to shout justice. However, it is not justice for these people to be convicted on the basis of evidence of quality being proved by good quality evidence beyond reasonable doubt. Even though the police and the freshman seem to have made the best and most honest efforts, the evidence has dropped significantly from the standards.
In a letter to the Attorney General of British Columbia, Malik has sought compensation from the Canadian government for its wrongful prosecution in the arrest and trial. Malik gets 6.4 million and Bagri's legal fees of 9.7 million from the government.
In July 2007, India's inventive weekly, Tehelka, reported that new evidence was obtained from one of its confessions before the terrorist attack of Talwinder Singh Parmar on 15 October 1992 by the Punjab Police. According to the report, this evidence was collected by the Punjab Human Rights Organization (PHRO). The Chandigarh-based organization has been visiting Patna's associates for more than seven years.
After that, a translation of this confession was given to the investigation commission on September 24. This confession which was described as an earthquake proof, there were some elements of which RCMP was already investigating, and some details were found to be false.
The mysterious third man in this confession or Mr. X was identified as Lakhbir Singh Brar Road, a prominent Sikh terrorist and was the nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Insp. Lorn Schwartz said that RCMP had visited Lakhbir in 2001 in Pakistan. At that time, he pointed to several other hands in this bombing. Schwartz also claimed that Mr. X is not likely to be Libraber, because Mr. X looks significantly young.
RCMP also knew about this deliberate confession for many years. They believe that Parmar was caught alive, he was interrogated and was fired shortly after, though officially the matter has been denied.
Officials of PHRO officials handed over new evidence to seven years of investigation. Punjab Police's retired DSP Harmail Singh Chandi was personally involved in the confession, he did not say anything convincingly. Silver went to Canada to testify to the investigation commission, but he could not guarantee the confidentiality of his identity, he did not say anything convincingly. After they returned to India, this thing leaked to Tahalca.
In its documents, the investigating panel examining the bomb blasts in Air India Flight 182 expressed the view that Talwinder Singh Parmar was the leader of the Khalistan-based organization Babbar Khalsa, who is thinking of radical change, and is now believed to be in the Air India flight. The conspiracy to commit a bombing was the motto.
Wrong Testimony of Reports
In February 2006, Inderjit Singh Reyat was accused of giving false testimony regarding his evidence in the trial. A criminal prosecution was put in the Supreme Court of British Columbia and during the course of his testimony, the court listened to a list of 27 occasions that he allegedly misled. Reyat was convicted for making a bomb, but refused to swear he knew anything about the conspiracy.
In the verdict, Judge Ian Josephson said: I have been lying in lieu of swearing that I lie. The most sympathetic people of my listener can also understand that in an attempt to minimize their involvement in this crime, the evidence has been trodden up to the last extent, when he was actually refusing to disclose the relevant information. Was there.
On 3 July 2007, while the procedure for false confession was still pending, Reyat refused to pay a ration to the National Payroll Board and concluded that it would have been a risk to the people. Reyat had to undergo five years of full sentence due to this decision, which ended on 9 February 2008.
The trial of Reyat's false testimony began in Vancouver in March 2010, but this case was suddenly dropped on March 8, 2010. Jury has been dispersed after making a hateful comment about the royalty by a woman jury member. The new jury will be selected from March 15.
Conspiracy details
The following story was presented in clear confession:
Around 1 May 1985, an activist of the International Sikh Youth Federation came to My (Parmar) and described himself as Lakhbir Singh and asked for help in carrying out some of the violent activities to express Sikhs' resentment. I asked him to come after a few days so that I could collect dynamite and battery. He told me that he wanted to first see the explosion experiment ... After four days, Lakhbir Singh and another young man - Indrajit Singh Reyat, both came to me. We went to the forest (British Columbia) There, we attached a dynamite stick to the battery and pressed the explosion ... ... then Lakhbir Singh, Inderjit Singh and Manjit Singh along with them planned to carry a bomb from Toronto from London to Air India and another flight from Tokyo to Bangkok. Lakhbir Singh booked a seat from Vancouver to Tokyo and then to Bangkok, while Manjit Singh booked the seat from Vancouver to Toronto and then to Toronto from Delhi. Inderjit prepared the bags to put in the flight, which was full of dynamite and with batteries and transistor fitted. - From the confession of Talwinder Singh Parmar
Lakhbir Singh Brar Rodei, the head of the banned terrorist organization International Sikh Youth Federation, issued Interpol's Red Corner Warrant A-23 / 1-1997. In 1998, we had 20 kg He was arrested near Kathmandu in Nepal for keeping the RDX. PHRO said that at the time of Flight 182, Rhode was an Incognito agent of India and also said that Parmar was fired for concealing his identity and concealing India's role in the bombing. There are many details of this story that does not appear to be compatible with other evidence available to the investigation team.
Previous information about the government
The Canadian government was warned about the possibility of a terrorist bombing in the Air India flights in Canada by the Indian government. And about two weeks before the blast, CSIS reported to RCMP that there is a threat to Air India and Indian missions in Canada.
Destroyed evidence
In his judgment, Justice Josephus took note of unaccountable backlash by CSIS, as hundreds of wiretaps of the suspects were destroyed. Of the 210 wiretaps recorded before and during the months before the bombing, 156 were erased. These tapes continued to be eradicated even after the suspect's needle as a primary suspect in the bombing.
CSIS claims that there was no relevant information in this wiretap, but as shown in a memorandum of RCMP, these tapes are likely to have CSIS in the period between March and August 1985. At least some of the main facts of these bombing could have been successfully complained.
On 4 June 1985, CSIS agents Larry Lowe and Lynn McAdams chased Talwinder Singh Parmar and Indrajit Singh Reyat to Vancouver Island. These agents reported to the RCMP that they heard a shocking sound like a gunshot blast in the forests. Flight 182 was then fired by the bomb. After the bombing, RCMP went to this place and found the remains of an electrical blasting cap.
The bombing suspects clearly knew that they were kept under watch, because of which they used a public phone and used to talk in symbolic language. Note that the translator of wiretap, recording the conversation between the two between Tilvinder Singh Parmar and his one man Haraldal Singh Johal, was purchased on June 20, 1985.
Parmar: He wrote the story?
John: Not yet.
Parmar: Do the work first.
After this call a man called CP Air and booked the tickets and left the number of the johl. Shortly thereafter, Johl called Parmar and asked him if he could come and read the story he was talking about. Parmar said that he will be there soon.
In this conversation, Parmar seems to have ordered to book tickets used for bomb blasts. The original wiretap was erased by CSIS, so it could not be presented as evidence in court.
False witnesses
In 1995, Tara Singh Hareer, publisher of Indo-Canadian Times and a member of the Order of British Columbia, submitted an affidavit before the RCMP claiming that Bagri himself was present during the conversation when he accepted his involvement in the bombing.
Hare claimed that he had heard about the meeting between Purbai and Bagri, when the newspaper's fellow Sikh publisher Tarsem Singh Purnaal, while at the London office. According to Hayre's claim, Bagri said in the meeting that if all goes beyond the plan according to the plan, then the plane will explode at Heathrow airport, while there will be no traveler. But the plane exploded over the ocean, due to the delay of half an hour to two and a half hours.
On 24 January of the year, Purehl was killed near the office of the News Pardes newspaper in Southall, England, which left only the sole exception for another witness.
On November 18, 1998, when Hayer was leaving his car in his home garage in Surrey, he was fired from a gun. Hayer had previously survived a fatal attack on himself in 1988, but he became paralyzed and then used a wheelchair. As a result of this murder, the affidavit became invalid as evidence.
Relation with CSIS
During an interview with Bagri on October 28, 2000, agents of RCMP termed Surjan Singh Gil's CSIS agent and said that he resigned from the Babbar Khalsa as his superiors of CSIS got him out of it Told to go.
The investigation and the complaint lasted nearly 20 years and this was the most costly trial in Canada's history, which cost an estimated 130 million CAD (CAD $). The Special Cell had not been found guilty of being convicted, they were released. After the argument of being a criminal in 2003, only one person was convicted of manslaughter for involvement in the bombing. In 2006, the Governor-General-In-Council appointed appointment of former Supreme Court Justice John Major to the Commission of Inquiry and his report was fully and famous on June 17, 2010. It was found that a series of errors in the Canadian Government, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, were able to attack the terrorists.
Boeing 747-237B was submitted to Emperor Kanishka, Air India on June 26, 1978, it flew from Toronto to Montreal and AI 181 (AI181) from Montréal to London via London and Delhi to Delhi as AI 181.
On June 20, 1985, a person called Mr Singh, at approximately 0100 GMT, made a reservation of tickets for two flights on June 22, one of which was for Canadian Pacific Flight (CP) Airlines Flight 086 from Vancouver to Toronto for Jaswand Singh and Second CP Airlines Flight in 003 from Vancouver to Tokyo and Air India (AI) Flight 301 in advance to Bangkok for ticket Mohinderbal Singh Was. On the same day at 0220 GMT, another call came up, changed the reservation of the name of Jaswand Singh, who went via CP 086 to CP 060 and changed the venue to Vancouver from Vancouver. The call carrier also requested to keep itself in the electoral prospect from the Toronto to Montréal 181 and Montréal to Bombay in the AI 182. At 1910 GMT, a person paid $ 3,005 in cash for two tickets at the CP's ticket office in Vancouver. This person also changed the name in reservation: Jaswand Singh M. Singh became and Mohinderbal Singh L. Singh has become.
On June 22, 1985, 1330 GMT calling himself Manjit Singh on the phone calls to AI to confirm his reservation in Flight 181/182. It was told that he is still on the waiting list, and he was proposed an alternative system, which he refused.
Bomb Blast
At the time of 15:50 GMT on June 22, Singh entered Vancouver International Airport for the Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 60 in Toronto and it was not included in the seat no. 10 Be given. He sought to send his dark brown, hard-sided Samsonite suitcase to Air India Flight 181 and then to Flight 182. A Canadian Pacific Air Lines agent initially rejected his request to send the goods to the other line, because his seat from Toronto and Montréal to Bombay had not been completed, but later he succumbed.
16:18 GMT A, Canadian Pacific Air Lines flight 60 to Toronto Pearson International Airport flew without Mr Singh.
20:22 GMT A, Canadian Pacific Air Lines Flight 60 came in 12 minutes late in Toronto. Some passengers and luggage, including Mr Singh's bag, were transferred to Air India Flight 181.
00:15 At the time of GMT (now 23 June), Air India Flight 181, flying to Montréal-Mirabel International Airport, flew from Toronto Pearson International Airport with 1 hour and 40 minutes delay. The aircraft was delayed due to an extra engine sent to India to sleep by fifth pod under the left wing of the aircraft. The aircraft arrived at Montréal-Mirabel International Airport at 01:00 GMT. At Montreal, this flight flight 182 has become Air India.
Air India flight 182, which is going to Delhi and Bombay, flew from Montréal to go to London. There were 329 people on board; Including 307 passengers and 22 crew. The flight commander Captain Hans Singh Narendra, and Captain Satinder Singh Bhinder were the first officers; Dara Dumasia was working as a flight engineer for the flight. Most passengers were traveling to meet their family and friends.
07:14:01 At the time of GMT, the Boeing 747 Squawked 2005 (a daily activation of its aviation transponders) disappeared and the plane started to split in the sky. Shannon International Airport's Air Traffic Control (ATC) did not receive any disaster message. ATC asked the air force in this area to try to contact Air India, but it did not help. At 07:30:00 GMT, ATC announced an emergency and requested the nearby Malawak ships and the Irish naval service ship Le Aisling to find the plane.
A commemorative plaque provided to the citizens of Ireland's Bantryby by the Canadian authorities for the kindness and benevolence shown by the people of Ireland towards families of Air India Flight 182 victims.
While the plane was in mid-sky at a height of 30,000 feet, the explosion took place in San Jose tuner in a suitcase in forward cargo at 51 ° 3.6 'N 12 ° 49'W / 51.0600 ° N 12.817 ° W / 51.0600; -12.817Coordinates: 51 ° 3.6'N 12 ° 49'W / 51.0600 ° N 12.817 ° W / 51.0600; -12.817 Due to the bomb, the pressure of air dropped rapidly, and due to which the aircraft started flying in flight. In Ireland, the aircraft was scattered in 6,700 feet (2,000 meters) of deep water, 120 miles (190 km) away from the south-east coast of County Cork.
Five minutes after the plane's disappearance, two people, who were carrying goods to the explosion in the suitcase of one of the convicted conspirators at Japan's Narita Airport, died and four nearby wounded. The suitcase had to go to another airline at Narita.
Recovery
By 09:13:00 GMT, the ship carrying the Laurentian Forest was found to be debris and many bodies floating in the water.
Due to this bomb, all the 22 people and 307 passengers of the crew were killed. After the accident, medical reports provided a graphical picture of the results of passengers and aircraft crew. Of the 329 people in the plane, the bodies of 131 people were taken; 198 people were lost in the sea Flat type injuries were found in eight bodies, which indicated that they had jumped from the plane before the water was in water. Apart from this, it was also indicating that the plane collapsed in the mid-sky. Twenty-one sexes showed signs of hypoxia (lack of oxygen). Twenty-five bodies, which were sitting near the window, showed signs of expulsive decimation. Twenty-three bodies had signs of injuries caused by high pressure. Twenty-one passengers were found to be dressed little or nothing.
An official was quoted in the report as saying that the post mortem report said all the victims were killed due to multiple injuries. Two of the dead, one infant and one child died due to suffocation. There is no doubt about the death of infants due to suffocation. There is a bit of suspicion in the case of another child (corp No. 93) because the signs on it may occur due to an anchor point fluctuating in the plane or in the ankles. The other three victims died undoubtedly died due to water sinking.
Flight line guard (FDR) and Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR) box to display the box, the Guardian locator with the ultra-modern sonar machine, and the French cable carrying ship Leon Thevenian, which was equipped with a robot submarine scarab, dispatched it. Done Finding boxes was tough and it was necessary to immediately start exploration. By 4th July, the Guardline locator identified signals found on the seabed and on 9 July the CVR was detected and it was brought to the surface by scarab. The next day the FDR was found and it was received.
Victims
The list of casualties listed above has been provided by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
Suspects
The main suspects of this bombing were members of the Sikh separatist group (which was banned from being a terrorist group in Europe and the United States), and other related groups, called Babbar Khalsa, who were then running a movement for a separate Sikh state known as Khalistan in Punjab of India.
Talwinder Singh Parmar, a Canadian citizen, was born in Punjab and lived in British Columbia. He had a high position in Babbar Khalsa. Three months before the bombing, his phone was taped by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS). In 1992, when the police was in custody, Punjab was killed by the police. Indrajit Singh Reyat lived in Duncan on Vancouver Island and was working as an auto mechanic and electrician. Ripudaman Singh Malik, a businessman from Vancouver, who helped fund the credit union and various Khalsa schools. Recently, it was found that it was not involved in the bombing or convicted. Ajayb Singh Bagri, who was a mill worker living in Kamloops. He also found innocent with Ripudaman Singh Malik in 2007. Surjan Singh Gil, who lived as a self-proclaimed consul-general of Khalistan in Vancouver. Later he is believed to have escaped from Canada and hidden in England in London. Haradal Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh, both of whom were followers of Parmar and they were active in gurudwara, where they performed sadhna. On November 15, 2002, Johal died for natural reasons at 55 years of age. He allegedly hid a suitcase containing bombs in a school basement in Vancouver, but in this case he was never charged. Daljit Sandhu's name was later opened by a witness to the witness, according to which he took tickets for the bombing. During the trial, the prosecutor showed a video of January 1989 in which Sandhu congratulated the families of Indira Gandhi's assassins and said that she deserved it and she invited it (death) and that is why she got it. Judge Josephus left Sandhu in his verdict on March 16th. Lakhbir Singh Brar Rode, leader of the Sikh separatist organization International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF). In the alleged confession made by Parmar, his name opened as the main mastermind of the blast, but these details did not appear to be consistent with other available evidence.
On 6 November 1985, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP), printed on Sikh separatists Talwinder Singh Parmar, Indrajit Singh Reyat, Surjan Singh Gil, Hardal Singh Johal and Manmohan Singh's houses.
In September 2007, the commission investigated reports were published in India's inventive news magazine, Tahleka, which states that Lakhbir Singh Brar Road, a man unnamed so far, was the main custodian of the blasts. This report appears to be not compatible with other evidence found in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).
Investigation
For more than six years in worldwide investigations, many of the conspiracy theories are opened:
The bombing was a joint conspiracy of at least two Sikh extremist groups with extensive membership in Canada, USA, England and India. In June 1984, his anger broke out due to the attack on the Golden Temple at the holiest Sikh shrine in Amritsar. A few hours before June 22, 1985, M. Singh and L. Two people with Singh's ticket entered the Vancouver International Airport with their bagged bag. Both the men failed to board their flight. like this. Singh, who came with the bag, exploded in Air India Flight 182. L. The second bag, which was brought by Singh, went to Vancouver Pacific Air Lines Flight 00, which was flying from Vancouver to Tokyo. Its target was Flight 301 of Air India flight to Bangkok-Don Muang as it would soon be traveling with 177 passengers and crew, but these bombs exploded in the Terminal of Narita Airport. Two Japanese people carrying goods were killed and four other people were injured. The identity of these two people remained unidentified. The police believe in a third man as the main player. On June 4, 1985, agents of CSIS pursuing Talwinder Singh Parmar identify him as an unknown male. This man is described as a young man, who had gone to Duncan from Vancouver on the Vancouver Island by Ferry Ride, where he and Parmar took part in the explosion of a device created by Indrajit Singh Reyat. This third man l. Singh or Lal Singh is also associated with travel by tickets purchased under the name. Air India trial
Sikh separatists Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajayb Singh Bagri were accused in the bombing, this trial became known as Air India Trial.
Accusation and conviction
After a long process of extradition of Reyat from England on May 10, 1991, Narita proved to be accused of airport bombing and two charges of four bomb blasts related to the bombing. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison.
15 years after the bombing, on October 27, 2000, RCMP arrested Malik and Bagri. They were convicted of killing 329 people in the Air India Flight 132, plotting to murder, passengers of the Canadian Pacific Flight at the New Tokyo International Airport (now Narita International Airport) and the attempted murder of the crew, and the killing of people carrying goods at New Tokyo International Airport The accused were charged
On June 6, 2001, RCMP arrested Reyat on charges of murder, attempt to murder and conspiracy in the Air India bombing. On February 10, 2003, Reyat was convicted of one of the humanitarian accusations and accused of helping to build a bomb. He was sentenced to five years in prison. Malik and Bagri were likely to give evidence in the trial, but the prosecutor was unclear.
The trial proceedings ran in courtroom 20 from April 2003 to December 2004, commonly known as Air India courtroom. At a cost of $ 7.2 million, a high-security courtroom was specially set up for hearing in the Vancouver Law Courts.
On March 16, 2005, Justice Ian Josephson found innocence in all the offenses of Malik and Bagri, as the evidence was insufficient:
I started with the description of the feudal form of terrorism, the threatening form of the action to shout justice. However, it is not justice for these people to be convicted on the basis of evidence of quality being proved by good quality evidence beyond reasonable doubt. Even though the police and the freshman seem to have made the best and most honest efforts, the evidence has dropped significantly from the standards.
In a letter to the Attorney General of British Columbia, Malik has sought compensation from the Canadian government for its wrongful prosecution in the arrest and trial. Malik gets 6.4 million and Bagri's legal fees of 9.7 million from the government.
In July 2007, India's inventive weekly, Tehelka, reported that new evidence was obtained from one of its confessions before the terrorist attack of Talwinder Singh Parmar on 15 October 1992 by the Punjab Police. According to the report, this evidence was collected by the Punjab Human Rights Organization (PHRO). The Chandigarh-based organization has been visiting Patna's associates for more than seven years.
After that, a translation of this confession was given to the investigation commission on September 24. This confession which was described as an earthquake proof, there were some elements of which RCMP was already investigating, and some details were found to be false.
The mysterious third man in this confession or Mr. X was identified as Lakhbir Singh Brar Road, a prominent Sikh terrorist and was the nephew of Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Insp. Lorn Schwartz said that RCMP had visited Lakhbir in 2001 in Pakistan. At that time, he pointed to several other hands in this bombing. Schwartz also claimed that Mr. X is not likely to be Libraber, because Mr. X looks significantly young.
RCMP also knew about this deliberate confession for many years. They believe that Parmar was caught alive, he was interrogated and was fired shortly after, though officially the matter has been denied.
Officials of PHRO officials handed over new evidence to seven years of investigation. Punjab Police's retired DSP Harmail Singh Chandi was personally involved in the confession, he did not say anything convincingly. Silver went to Canada to testify to the investigation commission, but he could not guarantee the confidentiality of his identity, he did not say anything convincingly. After they returned to India, this thing leaked to Tahalca.
In its documents, the investigating panel examining the bomb blasts in Air India Flight 182 expressed the view that Talwinder Singh Parmar was the leader of the Khalistan-based organization Babbar Khalsa, who is thinking of radical change, and is now believed to be in the Air India flight. The conspiracy to commit a bombing was the motto.
Wrong Testimony of Reports
In February 2006, Inderjit Singh Reyat was accused of giving false testimony regarding his evidence in the trial. A criminal prosecution was put in the Supreme Court of British Columbia and during the course of his testimony, the court listened to a list of 27 occasions that he allegedly misled. Reyat was convicted for making a bomb, but refused to swear he knew anything about the conspiracy.
In the verdict, Judge Ian Josephson said: I have been lying in lieu of swearing that I lie. The most sympathetic people of my listener can also understand that in an attempt to minimize their involvement in this crime, the evidence has been trodden up to the last extent, when he was actually refusing to disclose the relevant information. Was there.
On 3 July 2007, while the procedure for false confession was still pending, Reyat refused to pay a ration to the National Payroll Board and concluded that it would have been a risk to the people. Reyat had to undergo five years of full sentence due to this decision, which ended on 9 February 2008.
The trial of Reyat's false testimony began in Vancouver in March 2010, but this case was suddenly dropped on March 8, 2010. Jury has been dispersed after making a hateful comment about the royalty by a woman jury member. The new jury will be selected from March 15.
Conspiracy details
The following story was presented in clear confession:
Around 1 May 1985, an activist of the International Sikh Youth Federation came to My (Parmar) and described himself as Lakhbir Singh and asked for help in carrying out some of the violent activities to express Sikhs' resentment. I asked him to come after a few days so that I could collect dynamite and battery. He told me that he wanted to first see the explosion experiment ... After four days, Lakhbir Singh and another young man - Indrajit Singh Reyat, both came to me. We went to the forest (British Columbia) There, we attached a dynamite stick to the battery and pressed the explosion ... ... then Lakhbir Singh, Inderjit Singh and Manjit Singh along with them planned to carry a bomb from Toronto from London to Air India and another flight from Tokyo to Bangkok. Lakhbir Singh booked a seat from Vancouver to Tokyo and then to Bangkok, while Manjit Singh booked the seat from Vancouver to Toronto and then to Toronto from Delhi. Inderjit prepared the bags to put in the flight, which was full of dynamite and with batteries and transistor fitted. - From the confession of Talwinder Singh Parmar
Lakhbir Singh Brar Rodei, the head of the banned terrorist organization International Sikh Youth Federation, issued Interpol's Red Corner Warrant A-23 / 1-1997. In 1998, we had 20 kg He was arrested near Kathmandu in Nepal for keeping the RDX. PHRO said that at the time of Flight 182, Rhode was an Incognito agent of India and also said that Parmar was fired for concealing his identity and concealing India's role in the bombing. There are many details of this story that does not appear to be compatible with other evidence available to the investigation team.
Previous information about the government
The Canadian government was warned about the possibility of a terrorist bombing in the Air India flights in Canada by the Indian government. And about two weeks before the blast, CSIS reported to RCMP that there is a threat to Air India and Indian missions in Canada.
Destroyed evidence
In his judgment, Justice Josephus took note of unaccountable backlash by CSIS, as hundreds of wiretaps of the suspects were destroyed. Of the 210 wiretaps recorded before and during the months before the bombing, 156 were erased. These tapes continued to be eradicated even after the suspect's needle as a primary suspect in the bombing.
CSIS claims that there was no relevant information in this wiretap, but as shown in a memorandum of RCMP, these tapes are likely to have CSIS in the period between March and August 1985. At least some of the main facts of these bombing could have been successfully complained.
On 4 June 1985, CSIS agents Larry Lowe and Lynn McAdams chased Talwinder Singh Parmar and Indrajit Singh Reyat to Vancouver Island. These agents reported to the RCMP that they heard a shocking sound like a gunshot blast in the forests. Flight 182 was then fired by the bomb. After the bombing, RCMP went to this place and found the remains of an electrical blasting cap.
The bombing suspects clearly knew that they were kept under watch, because of which they used a public phone and used to talk in symbolic language. Note that the translator of wiretap, recording the conversation between the two between Tilvinder Singh Parmar and his one man Haraldal Singh Johal, was purchased on June 20, 1985.
Parmar: He wrote the story?
John: Not yet.
Parmar: Do the work first.
After this call a man called CP Air and booked the tickets and left the number of the johl. Shortly thereafter, Johl called Parmar and asked him if he could come and read the story he was talking about. Parmar said that he will be there soon.
In this conversation, Parmar seems to have ordered to book tickets used for bomb blasts. The original wiretap was erased by CSIS, so it could not be presented as evidence in court.
False witnesses
In 1995, Tara Singh Hareer, publisher of Indo-Canadian Times and a member of the Order of British Columbia, submitted an affidavit before the RCMP claiming that Bagri himself was present during the conversation when he accepted his involvement in the bombing.
Hare claimed that he had heard about the meeting between Purbai and Bagri, when the newspaper's fellow Sikh publisher Tarsem Singh Purnaal, while at the London office. According to Hayre's claim, Bagri said in the meeting that if all goes beyond the plan according to the plan, then the plane will explode at Heathrow airport, while there will be no traveler. But the plane exploded over the ocean, due to the delay of half an hour to two and a half hours.
On 24 January of the year, Purehl was killed near the office of the News Pardes newspaper in Southall, England, which left only the sole exception for another witness.
On November 18, 1998, when Hayer was leaving his car in his home garage in Surrey, he was fired from a gun. Hayer had previously survived a fatal attack on himself in 1988, but he became paralyzed and then used a wheelchair. As a result of this murder, the affidavit became invalid as evidence.
Relation with CSIS
During an interview with Bagri on October 28, 2000, agents of RCMP termed Surjan Singh Gil's CSIS agent and said that he resigned from the Babbar Khalsa as his superiors of CSIS got him out of it Told to go.
Following the failure of CSIS to stop flight 182 bombing, the former was replaced by Reed Morden as the head of CSIS. During an interview for CBC television news The National, Morden claimed that CSIS missed the ball in his favor in this case. The Security Intelligence Review Committee declared CSIS free of any irregularities. However, this report was kept secret on that day. The Canadian government continued to sing its own mathematics not included in this blast.
Public inquiry
On May 1, 2006, following the advice of Prime Minister Stephen Harper, the Crown-in-Council announced the launch of a complete public inquiry into the bombing under the chairmanship of retired Supreme Court Justice John Major, to find out the answers to various key questions related to the biggest mass murder in Canada's history. Whether Canada's law prevented funding of terrorist groups in investigating a bomb blast in the Air India Flight 182, which began in late June, how well the terrorists were given security in terrorist cases, whether Canadians need to improve their air security, And Royal Canadian Mounted Police - Canadian Security Intelligence This tribunal will also provide a platform where the families of victims will be able to prove the impact of the bombing and no criminal trials will be repeated.
The inquiry commission's investigation was completed and it was published on 17 June 2010. The main thing to be seen in the investigation was that a series of errors in the Taj Mahal, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and Canadian Security Intelligence Services caused a terrorist attack.
Legacy Canada's tragedy A memorial and playground in Vancouver's Stanley Park dedicated to the victims of Air India Flight 182 Memorial Flight 182 in July 2007, commemorated the victims.
Twenty years after the Air India Flight 182 crash, the families of the victims of Ahakista in Ireland gathered to express grief. Based on the advice of Prime Minister Paul Martin, Governor General Adrian Clark announced the anniversary anniversary national mourning day. During the anniversary celebration, Martin said that the bombing was a Canadian problem, there was no problem of any other nation. He said: Do not make any mistake: Flight may be of Air India, this event may have happened near the coast of Ireland, but this was a tragedy of Canada.
In May 2007, Angus Reid Strategies, Canada's citizens, considered the tragedy of Canada as an Air India bombing, and took public opinion about the Indians and who they blamed for this, and published its findings. 48 percent of the respondents said the bombing was a Canadian phenomenon, while 22 percent believed the subject of India to be part of this terrorist attack. 34% of respondents felt that the major rights of the accused were CSIS and the airport security personnel, plus 27% believed that the RCMP was largely right to the accused. 18 percent of people mentioned transport Canada.
Ken McQueen and John Jedes of McLians said that Air India's bombing is referred to as Canada's 9/11. He said, in fact, this thing did not stop here. On June 23, 1985, the nation did not scrape the soul. The events of this day took the lives of hundreds of innocents and changed the destiny of thousands of other people, but due to this the foundation of the government has not shaken, nor has any change in its policies. This incident was not officially acknowledged as a terrorist carpenter.
Memorials have been created in Canada and other places in memory of the victims. In 1986, the first anniversary of the bombing was laid in a monument in Aharkista, west of Cork, Ireland. Subsequently, on August 11, 2006, part of Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, was turned into a playground monument. On June 22, 2007 another monument opened in Toronto, most of the people who were killed in the incident lived in the city. This monument consisted of a sundial to know the time, the foundation of which was made of stone from all the provinces and territories of Canada and other countries of the victims, this monument includes the walled rectangle and the carved wall of the dead in Ireland.
Following the publication of public scrutiny in 2010, Stephen Harper announced in the media that, on the 25th anniversary of the disaster, they were able to accept the catastrophic failures of espionage, policy and air security, which caused this bombing, and then the prosecutors and the current Will apologize on behalf of the Cabinet.
Publicity in the media
Documentaries about the bombing have been made for Canadian television viewers. CBC Television announced the start of the filming of Flight 182, a documentary on this tragedy, which was directed by Sturla Gunnerson. Air India 182 was changed to its former name before it was first introduced in April 2008 at Toronto's Hot Doc Canadian International Documentary Festival. This documentary was then a TV premiere on CBC television in June. The bombing was documented in the Explosive Evidence episode of TV show Madonna, which investigated many air accidents and incidents.
Since the bombing, many journalists have commented on the incident during the decade so far. Canadian journalists Brian McEndrew and Zuhair Kashmiri of Globe and Mail wrote soft targets. These journalists actually submitted details of various activities before the bombing and alleged that the CSIS and the Indian Embassy of Canada knew about this incident in advance. The authors also alleged that Indian diplomats in Canada had misled RCMP and CSIS for years and had been involved in the spying and destabilization of the Sikh community in Canada. In 1992, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police RCMP indicated that it does not have any evidence based on the allegations made in this book. The book blamed the Indian government's involvement in the Air India bombing. After eight months of bombing, Provincial News correspondent Salim Jeeva published Death of Air India Flight 182. In May 2005, Vancouver's Sun's reporter Kim Ballley published Los of Faith: How the Air-India Bombers Get Away with Murder. Jiva and her fellow reporter Don Haukae published the Margin of Terror: A reporter's twenty-year-old Odyssey covering the tragedies of the Air India bombing in May 2007.
Books also became famous. In a collection The Middleman and Other Stories, Canadian woman Bharti Mukherjee of Indian descent wrote The Management of the Graff. The woman who lost her entire family in the bombing described her experiences in this book. Mukherjee co-authored The Soro and the Terror: The Hunting Legacy of the Air India Tragedy (1987), along with her husband, Clark Blaise. Inspired by Canada's mainstream cultural denial of Air India tragedy, Neil Bjissandeth wrote The Soul of All Great Designs.
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