Microbiology

Under Micro Histology, we study the general and chemical composition of animal and plant tissues and their function. The main purpose of this study is to determine how various types of tissues are organized (molecular), macromolecular, whole cell and intercellular objects and organs.

Tissue types

The four types of tissues, cells and intracellular bodies of animals are made up of the following: - Epithelial tissue

The epithelial tissue is composed of a thin membrane, which is present in the form of a covering on the outer surface of various structures and present in the cavities and inner tubes in the tubes. In addition to this, in the form of 'Glandular cells' it also participates in the composition of the glands. It is derived from the ectoderm or endoderm, and its cells are usually located on the same line. Such a single epithelium is called 'simple epithelium'. But sometimes its cells are bound in many powers, called 'stratified enithelium'.

The number of cells in epithelium is higher than other tissues. These are connected by the intraocular material in a very intensely form. The epithelium is associated with the membrane's structures and tissues with its bottom. Epithelium does not have blood vessels, so its nutrients are obtained by lymph.

Epithelial tissues are mainly of three types -

(A) Simple epithelium.

(ख) स्तरित उपकला।

(ग) अस्थायी (Transitory) उपकला।

The main types of simple epithelium are-skeletal epithelium, columnar epithelium, glandular epithelium, pneumatic epithelium, sensory epithelium, pigment epithelium and embryonic epithelium. Connective tissue

Inorganic tissue is more intracellular matter. The main function of this tissue is to support other tissues and combine them together. Cartilage, bone and blood are all similar tissues. Hematology is called liquid connective tissue. पेशी ऊतक (Muscular tissue)

The muscular part of the body is made by muscular tissue. There are many long-fibrous cells associated with it. These cells are contractile, which provide the ability to spread and shrink fibers. It has three types -

(a) Unstriped muscle - also called involuntary muscle, because its function is not dependent on animal desire. These types of muscular tissues are found in the walls of diet, blood vessels, lungs, gall bladder etc. Their cells are simple, long, flexible, and non-functional.

(b) Most muscular muscles of the striped muscle are drawn. Their actions depend on the will of the animal. Each filament of the written muscle is composed of long and cylindrical cells. They do not have branches and the number of nuclei is high. Multiple transverse bars of dark and light colors are located alternately in the drawn muscular.

(C) Cordiac muscle- The properties of the fibers both written and open in the cell fibers of the heart are present. They also have transverse straps, but they are like branchless and single-center in the same way. Their action is similar to the open muscles. तंत्रिका ऊतक (Nervous tissue)

This type of tissue creates different organs of the nervous system. For the sensitivity, both nerve cells and nerve fibers participate in this tissue structure. The nerve cells are often of irregular shape, and there is a large nucleus in their midst. Each nervous system removes micro-organisms from the outside, which are made of Protoplasm.

These tissues combine different types of body parts and provide them integrity. Thus the study of the subtle structure of various organs and their actions leads to a detailed knowledge of the internal structure of any punishment. introduction

From micro-computations that can be seen with the help of hand lenses under micro-tissue, structures outside the spectrum of electron microscope are also studied. Various types of instruments are used for this purpose such as X-ray units, 'Absorption microscope', 'Electron microscope', 'Polarization microscope' ), 'Dark field microscope', 'Ultra violet microscope', Visible light microscope, 'Phase contrast microscope', 'Interference microscope' microscope and 'disecting microscope' etc.

In the ancient times, microbiological scientists used to tease them for the examination of fresh objects, or they were made by diluting, scratched or spreading them by the hands (smear) as thin as possible, causing them to transmitted light ) With a microscope. Thereafter, 'Microtome' was invented, with the help of thin-thin segment, 1 'mu' (lu) thickness (1 mu = 1/1000 mm) can be cut. Now more thin sections of 1 'Mu' can be cut.

The time when 'microtom' began to be used, almost the same time the fixative chemistry of many types of tissues was also invented for 'preservation' and 'to retain structure'. But using these chemists, which were used in the use of immunization, retention or staining of reflected objects, there were many different differences in the composition of tissues. Consequently, the study of innovative items began in a completely controlled state, and many new experiments were made under histology, for example 'Tissue culture', 'Micro-manipulation', 'Micro-cinematography' ), Intervital staining and Supervital staining. (Intervital = Survivorative cells; supervital = Survivorative cells),

In addition to this, the activities of freezing and drying have also been used for To preserve after killing. In this verb, the object is in a liquid substance which is 150 ° C. Or less, it is cooled down to heat, and then it is stored very quickly, then it is vacuum -30 ° C. Or less heat is absorbed and again in the paraffin wax it is infilterate. fields of study

There are large areas of study of microbiology -

(1) आकारकीय वर्णन (Marphological description),

(2) परिवर्धन संबंधी अध्ययन (Developmental studies),

(3) ऊतकीय एवं कोशकीय कार्यिकी (Histo and cyto physiology),

(4) ऊतकीय एवं कोशकीय रसायन (Histo and cyto chemistry) तथा

(5) अध:सूक्ष्मदर्शी रचनाएँ (Submicroscopic structure)

Understanding the morphological and physiological and functional coherence is done under histological and cellular functioning. Similarly, they obtain the knowledge of the chemical composition of the applying compositions under hormonal and cell chemicals. Studies of microscopic compositions describe structures that are beyond the visible boundary of the microscope published by ordinary light (approximately 0.2 mu).

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