History of Greece

In addition to the history of Greece, from the history of the areas within the modern Greek, it means the history of Greek people and the territories ruled by them. The region of the habitat of the Greek people has been different in different times, because of this, the history of Greece is also variable in this case, in which era the field area is called 'Greece'.

Prehistoric civilization A world of about 1600 BC, which has a picture of a bird. (National Archaeological Museum, Athens) सिंह द्वार (Mycenae)

Greece's mainland and its island had settled for about 4,000 years ago. Bc Until the second millennium, there was an Ezian civilization, from which people were familiar with Egypt and Asia Minor. Circa 17th century BC In Greece, and Peloponas attacks on the Balkans area. All attacking castes - Acacia, Arcadia, Épolian, Apolli and Ioni - were familiar with Greek languages. Bc For 1500 years, the Aeonian race developed civilization from Greece under the influence of Minois. The Myceni era, the Heroes era and Homer era are also the names of this period. It is said that the Trojan War, about whose story Homer wrote his world-famous poem 'Iliad and Odyssey', between the Ekani and other Greeks, BC. Was fought in the 12th century. Bc In 1100 the Dorian tribe invaded Greece and destroyed the old civilization and made its center Peloponnes. Some of the Aegean people fled to northern Western Europe, some took slaves. Iyony and Apoli, moved to the Aegean archipelago and Asia Minor. Bc Until 1000, Greek-speaking people had settled in the entire Aegean region. Helenic state

1000-499 BC In particular, Greek city-states were established and caste consciousness emerged. The rulers of the early Helenic states were ruled by the kings. Shaniya: Shaniya: changed to monarchy There was often no political equality in the oligarchy. Circa 650 B.C. In this, social and political conflicts overthrew the elite system and the establishment of totalitarian rule was established. Only in Sparti could the elite system be created. Some authoritarian rulers must surely advance the art, literature, trade and industry, but when authoritarianism reached a state of oppression, it also came into existence in the year BC. Removed up to 500 Bc By 750-500, for the commercial and political reasons, Greeks settled in many parts of Italy and Sisli. Their colonies also spread to Spain and France in terms of the spread of trade. For some days the propagation of Greeks stopped by the Egyptians, but about 7th century BC. In business, the problem became easier. There the Greeks built the city of 'Nakratis'. After this the settlements settled in many places such as throos. These colonies were politically independent, having only emotional relations with their main state. Only a few, such as Epidemnas, Peloponia, Ambrisae etc. were not politically independent in the colonies of Corinth. Syracuse and Badgentium were among the extremely rich colonies. Due to common religious sentiments, unity is maintained in all these colonies. Apollo was the main religious center of the Greeks in Delphi. In fact, 7th and 6th century BC Was a period of cultural development and intellectual awakening. Sparta

500 B.C. Until Sparta and Athens became the two largest municipalities of Greece. The rule of Sparta was in the hands of the elite elite. The rulers of Athens were medieval and democratic. Bc By the 7th century, Sparta had a profound advancement of culture, poetry and art, but the system of governance was extremely harsh. As soon as the child was born, the state used to take him under his protection and he was taught war. Lycargus was the Constitution creator of Sparta. There were two chambers for the governance of the governance, whose heads were two kings. The right to final decision was to the lower house. The Executive Committee, Justice and Discipline was conducted by five judges (AFR). They also control the actions of kings. By the military power, Sparta made the entire city of Pelipownes in its possession and as a leader of the Peloponnational Union, this city forced the official townships to accept the elite system. Athens

BC The climax of monarchy was taken from 683 in Athens. 'Solan Pisistratas' respected public opinion for a certain extent, after which there is a victory of the democratic system after the struggle under the leadership of Isagoras (Clericist) and Cleisthenes (Democrat). Sparta made many attempts to overthrow the Republic of Athens, but Athens remained the same. (G. Athens)

499-638 BC Major incidents took place in the war between Persia and mutual conflict in the city towns. Many townspeople in Greece made their place very effective in this situation. War with Persia

King of Lydia of Asia Minor and some islands came under the influence of Crissus. He was a nutritionist and a generous ruler of Hellenic culture. He contributed in the economic and intellectual advancement of the citizens. 546 BC In the then Cyrus of Persia, all the Greek cities were stripped by the authority of Kris. 512 BC In Darius, his successor climbed to the other towns of Asia Minor, near Greece. But after winning Eritrea and Etika (Attika), the army of Athens was defeated in the war of Maratha.

Around 480 B.C. In Parsi Emperor Xerox again attacked Greece. (See, 'History of Iran') Greece, despite the combined resistance of the Ethiopian, Sparta and Peloponacanyian organizations, was defeated. But forced the forces of Persia to retreat from Greece's navy. One year later, 479 BC In Greece, the Greeks turned away from the whole army of Persians. This war continued for a long time. Its end in the fourth century B.C. In conjunction with Alexander's conquest of Persia. Athene state

By this time Athens city had become the center of Greek civilization. Ionian Greeks accepted the leadership of Athens by liberating Sparta's authority. 461 BC In Periklis promoted democracy. But this democracy was also limited to the original Greek population. The rest were kept in the rank of slaves. In the leadership of Pericles, Athens's political and economic status got reinforced. Philanthropic war

There was a lot of difference between Sparta and Athens's ideas. Athens was essentially a trade-starved colonialist imperialist state and Sparta wanted political leadership of all the towns in Greece. As a result, a war broke out in these two cities and their respective municipalities for leadership. The war lasted for more than 10 years. There was huge loss of money on both sides. 421 BC There was peace for some time, but after three years there was a war again in both the sides. This time the defeat of Athens was overcome, even its existence also became insignificant. Municipality like Corinth and Thieves met Sparta. After some time, with the disapproval of Sparta's policy, Corinth, Thieves and Argzi collaborated with Athens to make a treaty against Sparta. But due to the Treaty of Sparta of Persia, the Treaty of Athens was dissolved and the Greek city of Asia Minor went under the authority of Persia. 371 BC In Sparta waged war against the Thieves, but Sparta was defeated in it and its leadership disappeared from Greek history. Now the power of the thieves began to grow. He also worked hard for other cities. This time there was a treaty between Sparta and Athens. 362 BC After the importance of the thieves ended. Greek culture

Even in the atmosphere of war and unrest, BC Under the leadership of Athens in the 5th century, there was laudable progress in art and literature in Greece. The excellent specimens of rich architecture of the temple of Pathenan, Prolia and Hefihistas etc. were presented in the same era. (Fine Arts, 'Greek Architecture') Famous Architecturists, such as Fidias, Miron and Polytecci. In the medical world, the investigations of HPCRT led to the guidance of many therapists. Philosophers have made important contributions in philosophical thinking, such as Hiraclitz, Ampedidades and Dimritits (Democritus). At the end of the century, the great philosopher Socrates of the world were born. Due to the revolutionary views, the Athenians gave him 399 BCE Gave poison in (give 'Socrates'). Herodotus is called the father of history. Thucydides was the second great historian, wrote an elaborate account of the Peloponnesian war. The sad and happy drama of Eklitz, Sophoclies, Erecipidis and Aristaphenese was written at the same time (Give 'Greek Language and Literature'). Pindar and Bakailidij wrote poetic texts in the praise of nationalists. In this era, Athens was the leader of art and literature in Greece, of course. Slave slave

The history of ancient Greece, mainly in the history of Athens, is the slavish tradition. In this context there was no special distinction between democratic method and other system of governance. In the current political theory, the importance of 'labor of labor' is achieved. In ancient theories, 'labor' was a sign of political disqualification. Until the time, the handicraftsmen were also kept in the rank of slaves. Nevertheless, slavery was better in Athens than in other states. In Athens there was some justice for them (given 'Das and Daspratha was') Emergence of Macedonia

At the same time there was a powerful state named Macedonia in northern Greece. Bc In 359 Philip was the emperor there (D. Philip II). Macedonians from other Greek cities won the victory. Corinth and Thieves became a military base. After Philip's murder, his son Alexander the Great emperor of Macedonia. The rise of the kingdom of Alexander and Helen (338-145 BC)

Alexander collected all the scattered Greece under his flag ("Sikandar.") It returned to the Punjab (India), the winning state of the other states. 323 BC In Babylon there was the same death. He was keen to see a state and a culture all over the world. But on Alexander's death his elaborate empire became fragmented. In the long series of conflicts, three powerful helene states - under the leadership of Montgonas, led by Macedonia, Seleucidas, led by Asia Minor and Syrian and Talmies. Bc In the second century BC, Epischer Emperor Piusar invaded Italy against the Romans. Emperor Philip from Macedonia intervened in this war. This incident is called the first Macedonian war. Phillip was defeated in the Second Macedonian War (201-197 BC). The other Roman states of Greece freed Philip from the rights. Bc The situation changed from 192 to 189 In the war between the Italians and the Romans, Philip collaborated with the Romans. But the circumstances arose in such a way that the Machines fought two wars and fought. Bc In 146 it was also defeated by Rome. Focusing all Greece from Rome and appointed the ruler in Macedonia. Roman period (146 BC)

Rome also occupied Sikander's conquered Eastern territories with the occupation of Greece and Macedonia. The advancement of art and culture in Athens remained the same in the era of the Romans. Jastienian made Alexander the center of philosophical teachings by interfering in the intellectual upbringing of Athens. From this Rome also took much from Greece's art and culture. Kustundhoo became the capital of India. After the death of Thidosius, the whole empire divided into two parts. After the fall of Western Greece (176) the first part was known as the Byzantine Empire. But when the Muslims took control over Kustantinu, this state also ended. Bengentine empire

This state started with bureaucracy. The entire history of this empire is the history of the battles fought by the Balkans, Southern Italy and Asia Minor for its protection. Vigigothic, Gothic (G. Goth) and Bulgarian nations were also attacked. Emperor Jastienian tried to regain that land. Further, due to religious differences, in 800, while Charlamin was the emperor of Rome, Kustantiniya and Rome became separated (History of Rome). At the end of the nineteenth century, Emperor Nikephorus Foucas II and Joan Jimmes attempted to save the state somehow (Give 'Byzantine Empire).' After this, the invasions of Seljuk Turco made the state very powerless. There was a major upheaval in the empire from the 13th century to the beginning of the 15th century. In the end, Ottoman (Ottoman) Turks took control of Kustundunia in 1453. Shaniya: Shaniya: He got his rights over Greece (give 'Turk).' Modern greek

With the prosperity of the French Revolution and the subsequent collapse of the Ottoman rule and the prosperity of the Greeks settled in other countries, Greece leaders have sought the release of their country from the Turks. Upon the enthusiasm of Russia, the UK and France, the people there made Greece an independent country struggling against Turco from 1821 to 1829. In 1832, the Prince of Bavaria was made Emperor by the name of Otto I Two years later Athens city became the capital of the country. Frustrated with Emperor Otto's personal policies, the people there in 1843 protested against it and established a parliamentary tradition. On 20 March 1844, Democrat became the first constitution of Greece. There was no complete termination of the Emperor's post. The Prince of Denmark, William George, succeeded Otto in 1863. In the constitution made in the second time, the entire political power came out of the hands of the emperor and became centered in the hands of the people. In 1869, the British government accepted the Ioanni islands in the state of Greece. In 1897, Turkey defeated Turkey in the greed of holding control of Greece, Crete. With the intervention of some major powers, Crete became a unit of autonomous rule and Turkey's occupation ended. The revolt against the policy of Greece's empire of some military officers was effectively suppressed by then Prime Minister Allutherrithus Benijelas.

Greece was neutral in the first world war. After the death of Emperor Alexander (1920), the Benjilas team lost in parliamentary elections. In 1922 Emperor Constantin fought against Turkey to free the minority Greek cities of Asia Minor, but defeated. Later the exchange of mutual towns has changed. The movement of the Benjazlas team maintained democracy until 1924 to 1935, but in 1935 the reign of the monarchy was conquered. In 1936 the democratic system was synthesized and banned the Waxwantowns, the masses and the political organizations.

At the time of World War II, there was totalitarianism like national socialist Germany. Between the two world wars, Greece was active in the Balkan nations. In 1930 the first Balkan Conference was held in Athens. In 1940, when Italy did not provide war facilities to Italy, Italy invaded Greece. After the initial setbacks, Greece expelled the Italian forces in Albania and made up about 20,000 prisoners. Great Britain forced him to leave Albania and leave. Germany trampled Greece by looking at Britain and Greece, and in two weeks the flag of Germany was hoisted on Crete.

In 1941 and thereafter, there were many small political organizations in Greece. Many of them did not have any definite program, with the British representatives, in 1943, the leaders of political parties decided that the emperor should be appointed for the right to power until a healthy opinion is ready. Political organizations gave their support to the emperor. But there is a struggle for power in both of these. British forces had to intervene during the long struggle of the struggle. The effect of the powerful Liberation Front of the Party too weakened. Yet the struggle did not end. There was bloody revolution in Athens. Ultimately, under the direction of Sopholis, all the central groups formed a government. General elections took place in March, 1946, there was a majority in the parliament. On the death of Emperor George II, his brother Paul became the first head of government. It proved to be very effective, even some moderate people joined in his favor. Civil war broke out in 1947 against the then Greek government The rebel Janata government's organization wanted under the chairmanship of General Marcass Wafia Dies. They were supported by Albania, Yunoslovakia and Bulgaria. This rebellion could be suppressed in March, 1948, but this caused huge damage to the wealth of the people.

Industrial progress in Greece at some point in time, but the political and social status remained frustrating. Ten governments changed from September, 1947 to November 1949. In the majority of the Rally Dal under the leadership of Papas, some public rights increased and there was stability in politics. Help was reduced to the United States Yet the country got good. After leaving the Russian group he got good relations with Yugoslavia. In 1952, Turkey became a member of Greece NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization). In February, 1953, there was a treaty of mutual cooperation and security in Yugoslavia, Turkey and Greece. There was a border dispute between Greece and Bulgaria in 1952, but Greece never allowed communism to flourish in its internal politics. In 1954, there was a revolt against British interference in Athens and Cyprus. In the end, the case of British intervention was presented in the United Nations for consideration. According to the London-Zurich Agreement in 1959, Turkey and Greece relations stabilized by the proposal of Cyprus problem. In November 1962, Greece joined the European condominium.

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