Microbiology

    Stored an Agar Plate with Microbes

Microbialism is the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular or microscopic cell-group animals. Among them are eukaryotes such as fungus and protists and prokaryotes, such as bacteria and arcia. Viruses are not permanently said to be organisms or animals, yet they are also studied under this. In essence, microbiology is the study of those living beings, which are not visible with the naked eyes. Micro-biological is a very big word, in which virology, fungal science, parasitic science, bacteriology, and many other branches come. In the field of microbiology, research is carried out and this area is progressing continuously. So far, we have probably studied only one percent of the entire Earth's microorganisms. Although micro-organisms were seen almost three hundred years ago, but other branches of biology, such as zodiac sciences or plant science, microbialism is at its very early level.

Pre-microbiological Antoine von Lewenhock

The existence of microorganisms was estimated several hundred centuries before their discovery. The first theory was given by ancient Roman scholar Marcus Tercenius Varo in a book based on his agriculture. In this he warned that the farm should not be made near the swamps. In a book called Canon of Madisin, Abu Ali ibn Sina has said that the secretion of the body is contaminated by external microorganisms before being infected. He envisioned the transitive nature of tuberculosis and other infectious diseases, and used quarantine (Quarantine) to prevent infectious diseases. When the Black Death (Black Death) and Bubonic Plague reached the Al-Andalus in the fourteenth century, Ibn Khatima estimated that microorganisms enter the human body and produce infectious diseases. In 1546, Gelolomo Freacosto proposed that pandemics spread through existences such as transferable seeds. These objects can be transmitted directly or indirectly, sometimes even with long distances without contact. All these claims about microorganisms were mere estimates because they were not based on any data or science. By the seventeenth century, the micro-organisms were neither proven nor seen. These were correctly seen and described in the seventeenth century. The root cause of this was that all previous information and research were done in the absence of a basic device, which was vital to the existence of microbial or bacteriologic and that was the microscope. Antoine von Lühnhawk was the first microbiologist who had first seen microorganisms with a microscope, this is why he is called the father of micro-biology. They invented the microscope. Microbiology discovery and origin

Bacteria and microorganisms were first seen by Antoni von Lewenhock in 1676 with a self-made single-lens microscope. By doing so, he did a phenomenal work in the field of biology by which bacterial science and micro-biology began. The term bacterium was used long after (1828) by Ehrenberg. This is derived from the Greek word βακτηριον, which means - a small stump. Haloque Lewenhock is said to be the first microbiologist, but the first recognized microbiologist Robert Hook (1635-1703) is believed to have observed the function of the mold. Microscope

Bacterial science (which later became a sub-division of micro-biology) is believed to have been established by Ferdinand Cohen (1828-189 8). It was a pharmacologist, whose research on his algae and photosynthetic bacteria had inspired him to describe many other bacteria, including Bacillus and Baggiatoa. The first was the first person to define the classification scheme of bacteria. Louis Pasteur (1822-189) and Robert Koch (1843-19 10) were contemporaneous to Cohen and he is considered the founder of the science microbiology. Pasteur had been famous for his classical experiments made to defame the theory of intuitive production at that time. By this microbialism became ground and solid. Pasteur had discovered the methods of conservation of food (Pasteurization), he had discovered the safety vaccine of many diseases, including Anthrax, Foul Cholera and Rabies. Coaches were famous for their bacterial theory of diseases, according to which a specific disease is caused by a specific pathogenic microorganism. They had made Kochs fortifications. Coaches have been the first among the scientists to separate the bacteria from pure culture. As a result, many new bacteria can be discovered and described, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the original organism of tuberculosis. Pasteur and Coach are often called the parents of microbialism, but their work does not accurately reflect the actual diversity of the microbial world, because their focus is focused on micro-organisms with direct medical . After the work of Martins William Beyzirink (1851-19 31) and Sergey Wynogradsky (1856-19 53), who are called the founders of general microbiology (an archaic verse, in which microbiological physiology, diversity, and ecology come), only after the work of micro-biology Accurate knowledge of the periphery was done.

There are two great contributions to the microbiologics of Baijergink: the evolution of virus and fertile culture techniques (Enrichment Culture Technique). Research work on their tobacco mosaic virus established the basic principles of virology. This was the development of their enercian culture, whose immediate impact was on microbiology. Through this, a series of large microorganisms could be enlarged, which had a variety of anatomy. Wongradsky presented the first theory on inorganic chemical substances (kimolithotrophy), along with the very important role that was shown in the geochemical processes of microorganisms. They first classified the nitrifying and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Types of microorganisms Main article: Bacterium Bacterium

There are several types of micro-organisms in which the bacteria are dominant. Bacteria is an unicellular organism. Its size is only a few millimeters. Their shape can be circular or free-wheeled and can be shaped like rods etc. These prokaryotes are cell wall-shaped, unicellular simple organisms that are often found everywhere. They are also found on the earth in soil, in acidic hot water bodies, in nuclear substances, in water, in the earthquake, even in organic matter and in the body of plants and animals. Generally, one million bacteria are found in 4 grams of bacterial soil and 1 ml water in one gram of soil. Approximately 5X10 bacteria are estimated to occur on the entire planet. Which is a very large part of the world's biomass. They play a very important role in the cycle of many elements, such as in the immobilization of nitrogen for the atmosphere. Although the division of the bacteria of many dynasties has not even been divided, however, some of the nearly half of the castes have been grown in the laboratory. Bacteriology is studied under bacteriology, which is a branch of microbiology. The bacterium E. coli, the most studied microorganisms

There are approximately 10 times more bacterial cells of human cells in the human body. Most of these bacteria are found in the skin and inhalalal. The harmful bacteria can not harm the body due to the protective effect of the safety mechanism. Some bacteria are also beneficial. Many types of parasitic bacteria cause many diseases, such as cholera, mild fever, pneumonia, tuberculosis or tuberculosis, plague etc. Only about two million people die every year from tuberculosis, most of which are from sub-Saharan region. To treat bacterial infections in developed countries and to use them for antibiotic experiments in agricultural operations, bacteria are developing resistant power against these antibiotics. In the industrial area, the fermentation process of bacteria is formed by making curd, cheese etc. They are used in the field of antibiotic and other chemicals and in biotechnology. In addition, the virus that is the supernatural organisms. They are dead outside of the body but they are alive inside the body. They can be collected in the form of crystals. Fungi, which is a type of plant, receives its food from rotten organic matter, and whose biggest benefit is to act as a disgraceful creature in the world, protozoa is an unicellular organism, whose cells are of the eukaryotic type and the general Microscopes can be easily seen, Archi or Archibacteria which are similar to bacteria in their simplest form but their Celled structure is very different. And algae which are simple living, in the presence of sunlight in the presence of sunlight, in the presence of sunlight, make their food themselves by the action of photosynthesis and can be from a cellular to multi-cellular multiple forms, but in the same way as plants, roots, leaves etc. Compositions are not found, they also fall under the category of micro-organisms. Method of study

Microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses are extremely subtle, but their structure is simple. The microscope instrument plays an important role in their study. After the invention of an electron microscope, their study has become even simpler. The magnification capacity of the electron microscope is thousands of times more than the normal or compound microscope. From this, microorganisms are seen to be multiplied multiplied by the actual size. After the discovery of the method of stopping the bacteria, their identity has become simpler. With the help of village stan, the bacteria are classified and studied. The colony of bacteria is grown by enrichment in the laboratory. The bacteria-colony grown in this manner has proved to be extremely useful in researching bacteria. An ideal virus

The field of microbiology is often divided into several sub-areas for the study: Microbial physiology In this case, how microbial cells perform biochemical functions, its study and microbial yield, microbial metabolism and microbial cell structure. Are there. Microbial genetics provides information about the genes and their cellular functions in microorganisms, how they are organized and regular. This category is closely related to the field of molecular biology. In the field of micro-organisms or micro-biology, it is studied in the role of microorganisms in human diseases. Microbial pathogenesis and epidemiology are also studied and it is also related to pathology and body safety science. Animal Microbiobiology plays an important role in animal microorganisms or animal classification of its microorganisms. Environmental Microbiology In this, the action and discrimination is studied in the natural environment / environment of microorganisms and includes microbial ecosystems, microbiological-mediated nutritional cycles, biochemistry, microbiological disorders, and biodummionation. Evolutionary micro-biology In this, the development of microorganisms is studied and it also includes bacterial order and classification. Industrial Microbiology: It is used to study the applications and applications of microorganisms in industrial processes. For example, industrial fermentation, waste water accumulation, etc. It is closely related to biotechnology business. This area also includes alcohol, which is an important application of microbialism. Air microbiology is the study of airborne microorganisms. Food microbiology in which foodborne illness and food related diseases are studied by microorganisms. The use of microorganisms for the production of foods, such as fermentation etc. are also included in this. In microorganisms, medicinal microorganisms are studied in the form of microorganisms that bring contamination into drugs. Oral micro-biology is studied in the study of microorganisms within the mouth, especially those due to microbial dentistry and dental (parodyntal) diseases. Benefit Full tanks with yeast for beer production Commentary Comment

   क.      ...and because there are bred certain minute creatures which cannot be seen by the eyes, which float in the air and enter the body through the mouth and nose and there cause serious diseases.

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