[ The tag is bad or its name is bad. The secondary Specific presentation of secondary syphilis with rashes on hands palm Lullaby papules and nodules due to secondary syphilis in most part of the body ] There is a secondary syphilis after about four to ten weeks of primary infection. While secondary disease is known for many different forms, it is manifested mostly by symptoms that include skin, mucus membrane and lymph node. The torso and the forego, which include palm and soles, can have similar size, red-pink, itching / burning-rash. These rashes may be maculopopular or full nutrients. It can take the form of wounds like flat, wide, wheat-colored, wart, which is called condyloma latum on the mucous membrane. In all these wounds, bacteria grow, which are contagious. Other symptoms include fever, swelling, discomfort, weight loss, hair loss and headache. Rare manifestations can include hepatitis, kidney disease, arthritis, periostitis, optic neuritis, uveitis and interstitial cereitis. Severe symptoms usually occur after three to six weeks; However, about 25% of people may have recurrence of secondary symptoms. A lot of people with secondary symptoms (40-85% of women, 20-65% of men) report that the primary syphilis is not the specific ulcer. Latent
Latent Syphilis is defined by serologic evidence of infection without symptoms of the disease. In the United States, it is also known as early (1 year after secondary syphilis) or late (more than 1 year after secondary syphilis). The United Kingdom uses a two-year cut-off for early and late latent syphilis. Speedy (early) latent syphilis can cause symptoms to collapse. The late latent syphilis is asymptomatic and is not as invasive as the early latent syphilis. Tertiary Persons suffering from Tertiary (Gumaticus) syphilis Statue of Musée de l'Homme, Paris.
Tertial syphilis can occur after 3 to 15 years of initial infection and it can be divided into three different types: Guamatius syphilis (15%), delayed neuroscline (6.5%) and cardiovascular syphilis (10%). Tertiary syphilis disease develops in one-third of infected people without treatment. People suffering from tertiary syphilis are not infectious.
Gumaticus syphilis or delayed benign cyflis usually occurs after 1 to 46 years of initial infection, the average duration is 15 years. This phase is identified with the old goma, which is a swollen tendon like soft, tumor, and whose size varies. They usually affect skin, bone and liver and can occur anywhere.
Neurosyphilis is an infection related to central nervous system. It can be early and may be delayed in the form of asymptomatic or syphilis meningitis, or in the form of meningovascular schizophrenia, general parisys or tabes dorsalis, which is related to glowing pain and poor balance in lower limbs. Decreased neurosyphilis generally, infection It happens after 4 to 25 years. Meningococular syphilis usually indifference and paralysis of seizures and normal muscles including insanity and tabes dorsalis. Also, there may be Agril Robertson Pupil, which is bilateral small pupil which fastens when the person concentrates on the near object but does not cling to when there is confronted with bright light. Cardiovascular syphilis usually occurs for 10-30 years of infection. The most common complication is syphilitic aortitis, which can result in an aneurysm. Inborn
Congenital syphilis can occur during pregnancy or birth. Two-thirds of infants suffering from syphilis are born without symptoms. Symptoms of developing in the early years of life include: hematosclinomegaly (increased liver and spleen) (70%), rashes (70%), fever (40%), neurosephylus (20%) and pneumonitis (20%). If untreated, 40% may have delayed congenital syllhalis in which: Saddle Nose Dysfunction, Higominacice Sign, Saber Shin or Clutन्स Joint etc.. reason Bacteriology Histopathology of Trapenoma pallidum spirochets using revised Steiner Silver Stan मुख्य लेख : Treponema pallidum
The subspecies of pallidum Treponema pallidum is a spiral shape, gm-negative, highly dynamic bacterium. Three other human diseases related to Treponema pallidum include Yavs (Subpulsion Patients), Pinta (Subpulsion Caratium) and Beazel (Subpulsicandemicum). Unlike subtype pallidum, they do not cause neurological disease. Humans are the only known natural reserves for sub-pseudo-pallidum. It can save a few days without a host. This is due to its small genome (1.14 MDa), due to which it fails to encode the metabolic path required for its subtle nutrients. Its duration is more than 30 hours. Transmission
Syphilis is primarily his or her womb during sexual intercourse or during pregnancy; Is transmitted to the esophagus, is able to pass through intact mucous membrane or weak skin. In this way, it can be infected by oral wounds, oral or vaginal intercourse, by kissing near a wound. Diseases can occur in approximately 30 to 60% of people infected with primary or secondary syphilis. Its transmissiveness can be understood by this example that a person who is protected from 57 organisms also has 50% chance of getting infected. Most of the new cases in the USA (60%) are men who are gay. It can be transmitted by blood products. However, blood is tested for this in many countries, due to which the risk is less. The risk of transmission from shared needles is limited. Syphilis, by toilet seat, can not be transmitted by sharing daily activities, hot tubs, utensils or clothing. Diagnosis Poster for screening syphilis, showing a man and woman shy in shame (circa 1936)
The mythical diagnosis of syphilis is difficult in its initial appearance. Confirmation is done by observing directly using the test or using microscopy. Blood tests are more commonly used because they are easy to do. However, diagnostic tests are unable to identify between the stages of the disease. blood test
Blood tests are called non-trapezoidal and tropopneum test. Nonstraponal tests are used initially and include sexual dysfunction research laboratory (VDRL) and rapid plasma rheijan test. However, since these tests are sometimes faulty, it is necessary to have confirmation by troponomal test such as tropontal pallidum particle agglutination (TPHA) or fluorescent treponemella antibody absorption test (FTA-Abs). False positive results on non-tetanemal tests may be due to some viral infections such as varicella and smallpox, as well as lymphoma, tuberculosis, malaria, endocarditis, connective tissue disease and pregnancy. Treponemal antibodies usually become positive in two to five weeks after the initial infection. Diagnosis of neurosyphalis is increased by increasing the number of leukocytes (mainly the lymphocytes) and by setting high protein levels in cerebrospinal fluid in the setting of known syphilis infection. Direct examination
Cerus fluid dark ground microscopy can be used for immediate diagnosis by an ulcer. Although hospitals do not always have equipment or experienced staff, while the test should be done within 10 minutes of sampling. Approximately 90% of people have sensitivity seen, thus it can only be used to confirm a diagnosis, but this can not be excluded. Two other tests can be performed on the sample of the ulcer: direct fluorescent antibody test and nucleic acid amplification test. Direct fluorescent tests are done using antibodies associated with fluorescence, which are associated with specific syphilis proteins, whereas nucleic acid amplification uses polymerase chain reaction techniques to examine the presence of specific spleen genes. These tests are not time-sensitive because they do not need live bacteria for diagnosis. Prevention
Template: Now, there is no vaccine available for prevention. Avoiding intimate physical contact with the infected person is effective in reducing the transmission of syphilis and the use of latex condoms is also effective. The use of condoms, however, does not completely eliminate the risk. In this way, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest a mutual relationship with an uninfected partner and the avoidance of elements such as alcohol and other narcotics that promote risky sexual behavior.
Prevention of congenital syphilis in the newborn, the mothers can be tested by the initial time of their conception and by the treatment of infected mothers. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) strongly recommends that all pregnant women should be examined universally, while according to the recommendation of the World Health Organization, all women should be examined during their first childbirth journey and Again in the third trimester If they are positive then their partner should also be treated. Genital Syphilis is still common in the progressive world because many women do not receive deliverable care and those who receive this care do not include it. , And it also occurs occasionally in developed countries, because people suffering from syphilis (through intensive drugs etc.) are pregnant The probability of receiving care is minimal. By taking many measures to reach check in low and middle income countries, effective reduction in rates of congenital syphilis reduces.
Syphilis is a noticeable disease in many countries, including Canada, European Union, and the United States. This means that health care providers need to notify the public health authorities, who ideally provide partner information to that person's partner. Doctors may encourage patients to take care of their partner for care. CDC recommends that men who are active in sexual intercourse with other men should be tested at least once a year. the treatment Initial infection
The first choice treatment for non-complicated syphilis is penicillin's intravenous injection or azitromasil's single oral dose. Doxycycline and tetracycline are optional choices; However, due to the risk of birth defects, it is not recommended to give them to pregnant women. Antibiotic resistance against many agents such as macrolide, clindamycin, and rifampinco have developed. Seftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic, can be as effective as penicillin-based treatment. Late transit
Due to poor penetration in Penicillin's central nervous system, it is recommended to give a large dose of intravenous penicillin for at least ten days for those affected by neurosyphalis. If a person is suffering from allergic, then seftriaxone can be used or penicillin can be used for vasagrahyikaran. For treatment of visually impaired conditions, for one to three weeks after intervals of penicillin may be used. If a person is suffering from allergies, as in case of early disease, for long period, doxycycline or tetracycline or alibiite can be used. Treatment in this stage stops the progress of the disease, but it is very less effective on the already damaged. Gerisk-herxheimer reaction
The potential side effects of treatment are the Grißsec-Herxheimer reaction. It often starts within one hour and persists for 24 hours, its symptoms include fever, muscular pain, headache and tachacardia (the abnormal heart rate). It is produced by cytokines removed by the immune system in response to lipoprotein extracted by broken cyphilis bacteria. Epidemiology Age-standardized 2004 deaths per 100,000 due to syphilis
It is believed that in 1999, 12 million people were infected with syphilis, more than 90% of which came from the developing world. This affected 700,000 to 1.6 million pregnancies, which resulted in self-abortion, the birth of a dead child and congenital syllabus. Syphilis causes sub-Saharan Africa to be 20% perinatal death. Proportionally its rate is intravenously - in drug users, there is more in men infected with HIV and in men having sex with men. In 2007, the rate of syphilis in men was more than six times the number of women in the United States, in 1997 it was almost equivalent. In 2010, the number of infections in African Americans was half of all cases.
Syphilis was very common in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. Due to the spreading use of antibiotics, from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1980s and 1990s, the transition in the developed world has decreased rapidly. From 2000 onwards, rates of syphilis have increased in USA, Canada, UK and Europe due to men who have been sexually connected to men. However, during this period, the rate of syphilis in the American women has remained steady and this rate has increased among the UK's women, but this rate is lower than the rates of men. Since 1990, this rate has increased in China and Russia, among those with genital sex. This is due to the decreasing use of unsafe sex practices such as sexual promiscuity, prostitution, and resistant safety.
If not treated, mortality rate is 8% to 58%, in which the mortality rate is higher in men. The severity of syphilis symptoms has decreased between the 19th and the 20th century, partly due to the availability of effective treatment and reduction in the spark of the spirochateate. There are only a few complications when treated from time to time. Syphilis increases transmission HIV to five times and is common in the presence of both infections (30-60% of the number in urban centers). History Picture of Gérard de Lérus by Rambrand van Ryan, circa 1665-67, oil painting - de l'érise, painter, art theorist, who suffered from innate syphilis, who had spoiled his face and eventually blinded them.
The exact origin of syphilis is unknown. One of the two primary hypotheses suggests that Syphilis came to Europe with the crew of men while returning from Christoph Columbus's visit to the continent of America and another hypothesis is that it was already present in Europe, but did not recognize it I went. These are known as "Colombian" and "pre-Columbian" hypotheses respectively. Evidence is available in favor of the Colombian hypothesis. The first written record of Syphilis being in Europe is found in 1494/1495 at the time of the French invasion. Since it was spread by returning French soldiers, it was known as "French Decis", traditionally it is still known by this name. In 1530, the term "syphilis" was first used by an Italian physician and poet Girolamo Fraksaturo, which he named the title of his six-footed Latin poem, in which the outbreak of disease in Italy was described. Historically it is also known as "Great Pox".
Its causal organism, Treponema pallidum, was first identified by Fritz Schaudin and Eric Hoffmann in 1905. The first effective treatment (Salverson) was developed by Paul Ehrlich in 1910, after which penicillin tests were started and it was confirmed in 1943. Prior to the arrival of effective treatment, mercury and seclusion were generally used, due to which the condition of the disease became worse. Many historians were suffering from this disease, including Franz Schubert, Arthur Schopenhauer, Edva Mene, and Adolf Hitler, all of whom were believed to have this disease. Society and culture Arts & Literature Vaishya killed Syphilis, Horsharth's A Harlett Progress
The first European work in the art of syphilis is the syphilitic man of Albrecht Dürer, a woodwork that is believed to have been made of a Landkneshet, a North American salaried soldier. About the 19th century mythological word Femme Fetelia, "Venom Women", is believed to be partly due to the massacre of Syphilis, whose ancient literary example is John Keats '' la Bell daam zo mesky. / p>
Artist Jo Van Des Taicht painted a sight near 1580, in which a wealthy man was shown receiving treatment from tropical wood guaemax for syphilis, its artwork entitled "Preparation and Use of Guayaquac for the treatment of Syphilis " is. The artist included this picture in a series of artifacts, through which he has commemorated the new world, which indicates how syphilis treatment was important for the European nobles at that time, no matter how inauspicious it was. Four servants are preparing slices filled with colorful colors and in broad view, while the doctor is hiding something behind them, while the ill-fated patient is drinking it. Tuscany and Guatemala Studies
Tuskegee syphilis study was one of the most notorious cases of the questionable medical ethics of the 20th century United States. The study was done in Tuscany, Alabama, and in the U.S. Public health service (PHS) was done in collaboration with Tuskegee Institute. This study was started in 1932, when Syphilis was a detailed problem and it had no safe and effective treatment. The study was done to calculate the increase in non-treated syphilis. Until 1947, penicillin was recognized for effective treatment for syphilis and it was being used extensively for the treatment of the disease. Although the study director continued the study and did not receive the treatment of penicillin for the participants. This is debated and some people found that penicillin was given to many subjects (participants). This study continued till 1972.
The experiments related to syphilis were done in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. They were human experimentation sponsored by the United States, who were cooperated with the help of some of Guatemala's health ministries and officers during the government of Juan Ose Arivilla. Doctors infected soldiers, prisoners and psychiatric patients with syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases without informing, and then they were treated by antibiotics. In October 2010, Apologized to Guatemala for doing these experiments. Additional study
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