The European Union

European Union (European Union) is mainly a political and economic platform of 28 countries located in Europe, which has administrative partnership, which applies to many or all the nations of the Union. It was expressed in 1957 through the European Treaty Council with the economic partnership of six European countries through the treaty of Rome. Since then, the number of member countries continued to grow continuously and many changes were also included in its policies. In 1993, the foundation of its modern legal form was laid by the Mastrichh Treaty. The Lisbon Agreement in December 2007, through which the process of comprehensive and comprehensive reforms has been started from January 1, 2008.

The European Union recognizes member states as a single market and its law applies to all member states, which ensures the four types of independence of the nation's citizens: - People, goods, services and independent of capital give and take. The union implements a kind of trade, fisheries, regional development policy for all member states. In 1999, the European Union introduced the common currency euro, which was adopted by fifteen member countries. The Sangh also announced its foreign affairs, security and justice policy. Passport control was also terminated among the member states under the Shalgun Treaty.

There are approximately 500 million citizens in the European Union, and it is 31% of the world's gross domestic product, which was approximately (US $ 16.6 trillion) in 2007.

The European Union represents its member countries in eight UN and World Trade Organization. 21 European Union members are members of NATO. European commissions include European Commission, European Parliament, EU Council, European Court and the European Central Bank, etc. European Union chooses members of their parliamentary system every five years.

The European Union was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 for its contribution in promoting peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe.

History Main article: History of the European Union

After the end of the Second World War, the atmosphere in Western Europe began to create an atmosphere in favor of unity, which people also see as migrations from the situations which emerged as a result of extreme nationalism (which has destroyed many nations) . The first successful proposal for the integration of Europe came in 1951 when the coal and steel industry of Europe started lobbying. It was an effort to integrate coal and steel industries into unified control mainly in member states, especially in France and Western Germany. This was especially thought so that the situation of conflict in these two nations did not arise in the future. The subject of this lobby was then publicized as the concept of United States Europe. Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands were prominent among other founding nations of the European Union.

After this organizational effort, in 1957, two organizations were formed, in which the European Economic Community and the European Atomic Energy Community were prominent. The purpose of these institutions was to cooperate in the neural energy and economic sector. In 1967, the above three entities were merged and formed an institution known as European Community. (EC).

In this community Denmark, Ireland and Britain were introduced in 1973. Norway also wanted to join this time, but due to adverse consequences of the referendum, she had to be deprived of membership. For the first time in 1979 the European Parliament was formed and it was elected by a democratically elected member.

Greece, Spain and Portugal became members of the European Union in 1980. After the Shlagen Treaty was concluded in 1985, the citizens of the member states started coming to pass without a passport in each other's nation. In 1986 the members of the European Union signed the Single European Act and the League's flag came into existence. In 1990, East Germany was unified in Western Germany.

The Treaty of Mastrich was effective from 1 November 1993. After the Treaty of Mysteries, European communities now officially become European Communities. In which the Jigaji policies began to form together on the issues of foreign policy, police and judicial system. European Union leaders after signing the Lisbon Agreement in 2007

Austria, Sweden and Finland also joined the union in 1995. In 1997, the Treaty of the Mastrich was replaced by the Amsterdam Treaty, after which there was widespread change in foreign policy and democracy policies. In 2001, following the Treaty of Nice, after Amsterdam, treaties in Rome and Egypt were improved, which led to the expansion of the treaty in the East. In 2002, the euro was approved by 12 member nations as its national currency. In 2004, ten new nations joined it, which were mostly the countries of Eastern Europe. In early 2007, Romania and Bulgaria took the membership of the European Union and Slovenia adopted the euro. Malta and Cyprus also entered the European Union on January 1, 2008.

In 2004, a treaty was signed in Rome for the formation of the European Union, which was intended to create a single document by unifying all previous treaties. But this could never have been possible because the French and Dutch voters rejected it in a poll conducted for this purpose. In 2007, the Lisbon agreement was once again incorporated, in which the previous treaties were rejected without rejection. The provisions of this treaty have been fully implemented since January 2009. On February 20, 2016, British Prime Minister David Cameron announced the referendum on Britain's membership in the European Union. The result of this referendum on June 23 came in favor of separation from Britain's European Union

It was seen as a deep shock for the unity of the European Union. According to Lisbon opportunity, Britain has two years to complete the process of separation. Member nation Main article: EU member

There are 28 sovereign nations in the European Union, which are known as member states: - Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom. It is waiting for its membership, Macedonia and Turkey; Western Balkan Nations Albania, Bosnia-Herzogovina, Montenegro and Serbia are officially marked as potential member countries.

The terms of the Copenhagen eligibility criteria for European Union membership have been determined by the European Council, according to which: Permanent democracy in which human rights and justice system governing; An executive market system that promotes competition within the organization; And commitment to complying with union policies.

The four nations of Western Europe are partly involved in the economic system of the union, without membership of the union, in which Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway are prominent, and Switzerland has accepted such a similarity under the bilateral agreement. Use of Euro and other collaborations. geographical situation Main article: Geography of the European Union Mount Blanc located on Alpas Mountain is the highest peak in the European Union

The geographic region of the European Union is land of 27 member countries, which includes some exceptional situations. The region of the European Union is not complete Europe, since some European countries such as Switzerland, Norway, and Soviet Russia are not part of it. The land area of ​​some member nations is also not part of the union's geographical map, despite being a part of Europe, for example, channels and parts of the Far Island. Parts of member states that are not part of Europe are also considered beyond the geographical boundaries of the European Union: - such as Greenland, Aruba, some parts of the Netherlands and all the regions of Britain that are not part of Europe. The geographical area of ​​certain member countries that are not part of Europe, they are considered to be included in the geographic boundaries of the European Union, for example Ajora, Canary Islands, French Guiana, Guadalope, Madariya, Martinique and Reunion. The climate of the European Union affects its 66,000 km long coastline

The combined geographical boundary of the European Union is 4422773 square km. According to the European Union's geographical regional boundary, Savantvi is the largest and the highest area inside this boundary is Mount Blank, located on the Alps Mountains, which is 4807 meters above sea level. The area here, its climate, and 65993 km long coastline plays an important role in the climate, and the economy here, which is the longest coastline after Canada.

In the geographical area of ​​the European Union (inclusive of countries outside Europe), the climate here can be experienced from the polar climate to the temperate zone, so it is unrealistic to talk about the average weather of the entire union. In practical terms, Mediterranean (southern Europe), equatorial (Western Europe) and summer (Eastern Europe) climate are found in most regions of the European Union. Administration Main article: European Union Head Institution

The European Union is governed by a number of its administrative and other units, mainly in the Council of European Union, European Commission, and European Parliament.

The European Commission works as the chief executive organ of the union and its daily activities are responsible for this, which operates its 27 cadres who represent 27 member states. The president of this commission and all 27 representatives are nominated by the European Council. The approval of the European Parliament on the appointment of the President and all 27 delegates is necessary.

Half of the European Council (European Council), also known as Council of Ministers, is part of the union's judicial system. In addition to judicial functions, the Council plays an important role in the execution and construction of foreign and security policies.

The European Council is led by the European Council for high-level political decisions in the European Union. The European Council meeting is held four times a year, and its chairmanship is chaired by the European Union, head of that year, whose main task is to work according to the policies of the EU and issue directions for the future.

The work of the chairmanship of the European Union comes for six months on the basis of rotating basis of every member country, during which the membership of the European Council and the Council of Ministers is held responsible for that member nation. During the presidency, the President takes care of his special agendas, which generally include economic agendas, reforms in the EU and issues of expansion and integration of the union are special.

The second important part of the EU judicial process is the European Parliament. 785 members of the European Parliament are elected directly by the people of the European Union every five years. Although these members are elected at the national level, in the European Parliament, they sit in line with their nationality and not according to their nationality. A fixed number of seats are allocated for each member nation. In the case of the legislative powers of the European Parliament, the European Parliament gets the same powers as the European Council, and the Parliament is equipped with the power to accept or reject the special legislatures of the Union. The President of the European Parliament not only represents the League on the external forums but also the obligation of the speaker of the European Parliament. Members of the European Parliament are elected by President and Vice President at every intervals. In most cases except for a few cases, the European Commission has the right to initiate the judicial process, mostly by the Regulation and the Acts of Parliament, which is the obligation of the Member States to apply in their respective countries. Politics Main article: European Union politics Mr. President of the Council of the European Council and Mr. Prime Minister of Slovenia

Often the politics of the European Union is considered to be the most operated with three elements called "Pillars" or columns. The old policies of European community are called its first pillar, as the second pillar is called United Foreign and Security Policy whereas the third pillar was earlier used in judicial and domestic matters, but after the settlement of Amsterdam and Nice, Cooperation has become more focused on criminal cases. Broadly speaking, the second and third columns are important, considering the introspective matters.

There are two major issues before the European Union, they are European integration and expansion. Particularly expanding, the involvement of new nations in the European Union is a political issue. Those who support the inclusion of new nations believe that democracy is expanded and the European economy gets its support. While protesters believe that the European Union is going beyond its current political capabilities and boundaries and beyond its geographical boundaries, which is not in its interest. As far as public opinion and political parties are concerned, they are very embarrassed, especially after the formation of ten new member states in 2004, and this fear has become even stronger after the Turkish candidate. President of the European Union Mr. Jose Manuel Barroso

Integration is another important issue where it is often believed that national emotions often tend to collide with the European Union's larger objectives. The goal of coordination between different nations often forces national powers to merge in the European Union, which is often criticized by the fear of losing the sovereignty of Eurostatists. In 2004, the national leaders and EU officials agreed to a shared European constitution, but it was not implemented due to the dismissal of the two-member opinion poll, because they feared it was rejected in other countries. Will be done. Later, after the Lisbon Agreement in October 2007 a new constitution was created in which most of the old rules and provisions were kept.

The proposed agreement has been decided to be effective in 2009. If it is approved, it will increase the powers of the European Parliament. Pillers mentioned above will be neutralized after the implementation of this agreement. Many issues of foreign policy will be directed and operated directly by the institutions of the European Union instead of being resolved between different nations. Order of Law The basis of the European Union is the various historical agreements, from which the European Union was established first and then there were various reforms in those agreements. These equations determine the basis and purpose of EU policies and provide them with necessary legislative powers. The power to enforce any law in these legislative powers which directly affects all member states and its citizens.

Languages Main articles: Languages ​​of the European Union

23 official and executive languages ​​of the European Union: Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Estonian, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hungarian, Italian, Irish, Latvia, Lithuania, Maltese, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish and Swedish. Percentage of those who believe in God in Europe (including non-member nations in the picture)

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