Satellite radio

Satellite radio is an analog or digital radio signal that is broadcasted from one or more satellites and therefore can be heard in a very wide geographical area compared to the local FM radio station. Although many FM radio stations in Europe mainly provide an additional unencrypted satellite feed, subscription-based digital packages of multiple channels do not even broadcast local, in which the US is notable. In Europe, FM radio is used by many suppliers, in which many local FM repeaters use a network to broadcast a single program in the larger area, usually throughout the country. Many of them have an additional satellite signal that can be heard in many parts of the continent. In contrast, US Terrestrial stations are always local and each one has unique programs, although they are sometimes associated with syndicated content, but still each local station has its own commercial and news intervals Are there. This means that the national distribution of the contents of the original local stations through satellite does not have any real meaning in the US, so satellite radio is used in a different way.

Mobile services such as Sirius, XM, and WorldSpace provide listeners with the ability to roam anywhere in the continent and listen to the audio program where they go. Other services, such as Music Choice or Muscat's satellite-disbursed material, require a fixed position receiver and dish antenna. In all cases, the clear picture of the antenna should be visible to the satellite. In areas where high bridges, bridges, or parking garages obscure signals, repeaters can be established to signal the signal to the audience.

Generally, radio services are provided by commercial enterprises and they are fee-based. Different services are proprietary signals, which require special hardware for decoding and monitoring. Generally, providers provide a variety of news, weather, sports, and music channels, along with ad-free music channels.

In areas with a relatively high population density, reaching the majority of the population with terrestrial broadcasts is easy and less expensive. Thus in the UK and in some other countries, contemporary development of radio services is focused on digital audio transmission (DAB) services or HD radio instead of satellite radio.

Business Applications

In the United States, satellite radio, hotels, retail businesses and restaurants have become a major provider of background music, especially in the United States. Compared to older line rivals such as music, due to the low cost of satellite radio, commercial free channel variety and more reliable technology, it has become a very attractive option. Both North American satellite radio providers offer trade membership, however merger of XM Satellite with Sirius Radio for the future of XM for business is uncertain. Commercial services of Sirius are provided at the national level through third party partner Applied Media Technologies Corporation. System design

Satellite radio uses 2.3 GHz S band in North America and shares the rest of the locality with 1.4 GHz L band, usually with local digital audio transmission (DAB). This is a type of satellite broadcasting directly and is strong and does not require a satellite dish to achieve it. The curvature of the Earth limits the reach of the signal, but due to the high spectrum of the satellites, two or three are sufficient to provide coverage to the entire continent.

Local repeaters similar to broadcast translator boosters are able to provide the signal even if the satellite's overview is blocked, for example, the skyscraper of the big city can be seen. The main tunnel can also be repeaters. This method allows local programming to be transmitted in major metro areas, including traffic and weather, as of March 2004.

Each receiver has an electronic serial number (ESN) radio ID to identify it. When an entity is activated with membership, an authorization code is sent to the digital stream in which the receiver is allowed to access blocked channels. Most services have at least one "free to air" or "in the clear" (ITC) channel test. For example, Sirius uses 184 channels, Sirius weather and Emergency.

Most of the use (if not all) system ownership is now using different codecs for audio data compression, different modulation techniques and / or encryption and conditional access methods.

Like other radio services, satellite radio also transmits program related data (pad or metadata) with the names of each song's artist or title or program and possibly the channel name. Satellite Radio vs. Other Formats

Satellite radio differs from AM or FM and digital television radio (or DTR) in the following ways. This table is mainly applicable to the United States.

² With both satellite radio providers and DTR providers the sound quality varies with each channel. Some channels have CD quality audio and for the second speakers low bandwidth uses suitable audio. Since then, a certain amount of bandwidth is available within the license and adding more channels means that the quality of some channels should be reduced. Most of the dynamic range of frequency response and satellite channels can be better than most, but not all AM or FM radio stations because most AM and FM stations clip audio for high sound; Even the worst channels are better than most channels, but some AM tuners are better than the best FM or satellite broadcasts when they convert to a local station, even if the stereo does not have the potential. In the moving car like an FM, AM is not infected by multiphase distortion or fibrillation, when you go behind a large mountain, nor does it become silent like satellite radio.

³ Some satellite radio services and DTR services work as a repeater for local AM / FM stations, thus there is a specialty of high frequency of interruption.

Non-profit stations and public radio networks such as CBC / Radio- Canada and NPR and PRI-affiliated stations and the BBC are commercial-free. In the US, periodic station identification and public service announcements are required for all stations.

In the United States, the FCC regulates the technical broadcast spectrum only. Program content is irregular However, the FCC had tried to reach out to its regulatory content for satellite radio and cable television in the past and still there are such efforts in the future, its options are open. The FCC issues licenses for both satellite radio providers (XM and Sirius) and controls the licensors who broadcast them.

The degree of regulation content varies by country, but the majority of industrialized countries have regulation regarding obscene and / or objectionable content. Portable satellite radio

Portable satellite radio offers you the ability to listen to satellite radio wherever you go. These are fairly equivalent to standard portable music players, which have been produced for music. However, this feature occurs in an internally made antenna that receives a satellite signal and comes with a rechargeable battery. In fact, you only have to plug in the headphones and you can easily listen to it and take it anywhere. However, due to the enclosure of buildings and trees, there may be some difficulty in getting the signal and sometimes due to your body too, depending on where you keep it and how you take it. However, it is best served in open spaces.

United States

Sirius XM Radio operates two satellite radio services in July 2008 after a merger (Technically acquired by XII Sirius acquisition of XM), a Holding company in the United States and Canada. A monthly fee is applied for both services (by 2005, Sirius also offers an approximate $ 500 fee for lifetime validation of the device, however, there would be a $ 70.00 USD fee for the switching receiver And maybe this can only be done three times). Some XM music channels are ads while Sirius is ad-free. Both services have ad-free music stations as well as conversation and news stations, some of which include advertisements. XM uses fixed-location geostationary satellites from two places and uses three geosynchronous satellites passing through the elliptical eye ballot passing through North and South America to broadcast the Sirius digital stream. The net difference is that in the northern part of the US, the Sirius signal comes from a high altitude angle and in Canada there is even more Sirius sign. (This high angle, the Sirius signal less discrete in the city, while parking garages, gas stations, tunnels and other covered areas are likely to be broken.)

Both services are mainly available through portable receivers in automobiles, but both have many accessories, so anyone with portable boomboxes can listen through home stereo, or even online through personal computers. Can hear. Both services have some form of receiver which is completely portable.

The principal asset of satellite radio is that it is not local: drivers can get the same programming anywhere in the footprint of the service. A stop at a truck stop will show the popularity of Sirius XM between Long-hole Drivers. In addition, both XM and Sirius receive the programming that is not possible on commercial radio stations only. Special stations offer programs such as family talk, radio drama, classical music and live events.

Both Sirius and XM's footprint are only the United States (which does not include Alaska), Canada, the upper third of Mexico; It does not cover the air as the satellite TV does. Success of so far

Sirius XM claimed more than 18.5 million subscribers as of July 29, 2008. An important factor in the success of satellite radio is the deployment of receivers in the car. Sirius XM has attempted to persuade auto makers to produce vehicles with their receivers. By 2008, the following manufacturers offered satellite radio as the original device:

Sirius has a special contract for VW and Audi vehicles from 2007 to 2012. Those brands had previously offered both services. GM, Honda and Suzuki are all major investors of XM; Sirius is not offered as an alternative to his vehicle. Bentley and Rolls-Royce come not only with the receiver but also with lifetime membership for Sirius service. X-ray was provided in Harley-Davidson's exclusive motorcycle models, while Sirius could be heard in many brands of recreational vehicles and boats.

One challenge for satellite radio was to get out of cars and reach consumers' homes. Many portable satellite radio receivers were created for this purpose. XM satellite radio developed the XM2go line of "Walkman-Like" portable receiver, such as Delphi MiFi, Pioneer Airware and Tiger of Giant International. With XM capability, Polk Audio creates a component-style home xm tuner and a tabletop entertainment system, i-sonic. Sirius developed Kenwood Portable Satellite Radio Tuner, Sirius S50, Here 2 Anywhere and Sirius Stylato 100. Pioneer Inno and Samsung Helix for XM were among the first portable receivers to offer the ability to record live shows for later. Thus, it allows satellite radio to compete with MP3 players.

While important agreements were still being done with automobile manufacturers, both the companies jumped far from the satellite in the car and reached consumers' homes. A bump in the street started to be used more widely in the house and both Siris and XM 2006 are running with their FCC in the legal issues regarding internal FM transmitters. For this Sirius and XM needed to take out many of their models from the shelf and solve the problem. The FCC used to claim that the emission of the internal FM transmitter was very powerful and there was a need to reduce it. With these changes, if any customer buys a new satellite radio receiver, then he does not receive the distance broadcasted as an old model. Since this is a main point of ability to use a satellite radio in the house (ie by availing the signal and then at the same time at different points throughout the house to broadcast it and avoid bringing satellite radio with them. Because they wander around the house) due to which many customers are oriented towards using an additional personal FM transmitter such as the Hole House FM tray Smitr, c. Crane Company, Griffin Technology, etc. It transferred the low powered internal FM transmitter. Since these external FM transmitters are part 15 compliant and new internal FM transmitters, which are included in satellite radio, they can broadcast signal signals more and it is still legal. This external FM transmitter can prevent slowness in the progress of satellite radio reaching consumer home market for Sirius and XM radio.

Satellite radio technology was included in the Space Foundation Space Technology of Fame in 2002. Canada

On November 1, 2004, Canada RadioTelivery and Telecommunication Commission (CRTC) began hearing Canada's first satellite radio operation. Three applications were filed: Standard Broadcasting and CBC in partnership with First Sirius, Canadian Satellite Radio in partnership with the Second XM and by the CHUM Limited and Astral Media in the last quarter.

The first two will use the identical system that had set up for the US, while the application of CHUM was for a subscription radio service, instead of transmitting the satellite directly from the existing terrestrial DAB transmitter (though the satellite was used by the transmitter For programming distribution). CHuM service is Canadian in all respects, offer of a mixture of existing two channels from the service of Canadian-produced channels and their American partners.

A small "gray market" of Sirius and XM receivers in Canada is already present, in which Canada will have a US Order Receiver setup.

On June 16, 2005, the CRTC approved all three services.

In its decision, the CRTC needed the following conditions from satellite radio licensees:

These terms were an extension of the existing Canadian content rules that were applicable to all Canadian broadcasters. The applicants had time till 13 November 2005 to inform the CRTC of its decision. Both companies managed to bring the standards a bit in their favor and instead they would play 50% French content as opposed to 25%. In addition, XM Canada managed to include five channels in addition to the National Hockey Play-by-Play in their company without the creation of additional channels, for this they agreed to cover each Canadian team's game during the season. Lived.

CHuM appealed the decision and claimed that if both Sirius and XM were allowed in the Canadian market, then they would not exist and license terms regarding Canadian content were imposed on Canadian Satellite Radio and Sirius Canada Was very dull Canadian Satellite Radio and Sirius Canada opposed it and said that CHUM is only trying to make a monopoly in the Canadian market.

In the fall of August 2005, Heritage Minister Lisa Frulla asked the federal cabinet to review the CRTC decision and possibly return the CRTC decision to review again. The lobbying complained that the decision of the CRTC did not require adequate Canadian content from the broadcasters. The broadcasters expressed their reaction through the promise of adding additional Canadian and French content.

After strongly lobbying on both sides, the federal cabinet officially approved the decision of the CRTC on 10 September 2005.

XM satellite radio was launched in Canada on November 29, 2005. After that Sirius started in December 1, 2005. There is a monthly subscription rate of $ 12.99 (85 channels) with activation fee of $ 19.99 for XM and monthly subscription rate of $ 14.99 (100 channels) with one activation fee of $ 19.99 for Sirius. (All prices are based on the Canadian Dollar.) The CHUM / ASTRAL service was never launched and its license expired on June 16, 2007. Europe

UtlassAT W2A satellite carries Solaris Mobile ([1] a Eutelsat SES Astra joint venture), the DVB-SHS band payload was launched on April 3, 2009.

WorldSpace Europe ([2]) and ONDAS Media ([3]) will use ETSI SDR for their new network covering Europe. Also see them

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