Microorganisms

A bunch of bacteria

Those organisms that humans can not see with the naked eye and who need a microscope to see, they are called microorganisms. Microbials are studied in microbiology.

The world of microorganisms is very much divergent. In addition to all the bacteria and bacteria and almost all protozoa under microorganisms, some fungi (almonds), algae, and chakradhar (rotifers) come alive. Many other creatures and infants of plants are also micro-organisms. Some microbiological viruses are also kept under microorganisms, but others consider them to be 'non-living'.

Microorganisms are omnipresent. It is found in soil, water, air, inside our body and in other types of creatures and plants. Where life is not possible in such a way as to deep within the Geyser, (thermal fireplace) where the temperature is increased to 100 degree Celsius, in depth in the soil, several meters below the ice currents and also found in places like high acidic environment. .

Microbes like bacteria and most fungi can be grown on nutritious media (mediums), so that by increasing it, take the form of colony and can be seen from naked eyes. Such cultures are very beneficial during the study on micro-organisms.

Useful microorganisms

Microorganisms are very important components of life present on Earth. Often everyone knows that microorganisms cause many diseases in humans. They also cause disease in animals and plants, but this does not mean that all micro-organisms are harmless.

Many microorganisms are very beneficial for humans. We use daily products derived from microorganisms and microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) increases the milk, which makes it turn into yogurt. Wet kneaded dough used in making brakes is made from yeast called keromasis serivis. Some dishes such as idli and dosa are made from such wet dough that have been fermented by micro-organisms. The use of bacteria and fungus is done to give 'cheese' a special texture, taste and sweet taste. Microbes are used to produce industrial products like lactic acid, acetic acid and alcohol. Antibiotics such as penicillin are produced by beneficial microorganisms. Antibiotics play an important role in the prevention of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, black cough, and pneumonia. Since the time of more than hundred years, microorganisms have been used for the treatment of Vashamal (Jalmal). This also helps in recycling of water in nature. Methanogen plants produce methane (biogas) by decomposition of wastes (dung, kitchen waste etc.). Biogas produced by microorganisms in rural areas are used as energy (cooking, lighting, diesel pump run etc.). Microbes are also used to kill harmed patients (pestes) by biological control. The use of toxic pesticides (pesticides) from biological control measurements has decreased significantly. Today's demand is that organic fertilizers should be used instead of chemical fertilizers. Microorganisms in industrial products

Microbes are also used in the industries to synthesize a lot of products which are very valuable to humans. Some examples of alcoholic beverages and antibiotics (antibiotics) To produce micro-organisms on a commercial scale, large utensils are needed, which are called 'fermenters' or 'enamel'. Fermented beverage

Microorganisms (especially yeasts) have been used in the production of drinks like wine, beer, hansi, brandy or rum from ancient times. The same yeast is used in the formation of breast formation and generating ethanol in cereals and fruit juices, which is also known as 'brewers yeast' (which is also commonly known as 'brewer yeast'). Fermentation and various types of processing (distillation, etc.) depend on raw materials: the production of wine and beer is done without distillation, whereas the whiskey, brandy and rum are prepared by the distillation of fermented juice. Antibiotic

The production of antibiotics by microorganisms is considered to be a very important achievement in the 20th century's most important discovery and the welfare of human society. Antibiotics are a type of chemical substance produced by some micro-organisms. It can slow the growth of other (disease-causing) micro-organisms or kill them. Panecline was the first antibiotic. This antibiotic was widely used in the treatment of wounded American soldiers in World War II.

Other antibiotics have been formed from other microorganisms after penicillin. Antibiotics have come as a strength to increase our ability to treat plague, black cough, diphtheria, leprosy diseases such as leprosy, which have killed millions in the world. Today, we can not imagine the world without antibiotics. Chemicals, enzymes and other biodegradable molecules

Microbes are used extensively in commercial and industrial production of certain types of chemicals such as organic acids, alcohol and enzymes.

Examples of acidic producers

Yeast (sachemomyces sarivisaei) is used for mass production of ethanol. The use of lipase is being done to remove oil spots from clothes in washing. The bottle of fruit juice we buy from the market, its juice becomes more clearly than the juice made in the house. Due to the use of pesticides and proteases, the bottle juice is more clean and clear. Staphococinase is produced by streptococcus bacterium (bacterium) which is adapted by genetic engineering. It is used to remove clot ('clot blasting') from patients' blood vessels.

Other bioactive molecules are 'cyclosporin-A'. Which is used in patients in the form of immunosuppressive factor in organ transplantation. It is produced from trichoderma polosporamnamic fungus. This statin produced from monoccus peripherius yeast is used at the trading level as a factor in reducing blood-cholesterol. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol act as inhibition (inhibition). Microbial treatment Main article: Vitalum treatment

We know that only a very large amount of waste water is generated from the cities and cities every day. The main component of this wasted water is the excreta of human beings. This waste water of the city is also called sewage. It contains large amounts of organic matter and microorganisms which are mostly pathogenic. How to make large quantities of wasteful or urban wasteless daily settlement? It can not be immersed directly in natural water sources like rivers, waterfalls. Prior to immersion, Vashamal is treated in a vigorous plant so that it becomes pollution free.

Microorganisms play an important role in the treatment of millions of gallons of water every day in water worldwide. In almost all parts of the world, this work system has been used for almost centuries. To date, no human was able to resist the microbial treatment of the effluent made by humans.

Due to the increasing urbanization, a very large amount of effluents are produced in comparison with earlier, so the number of these treatment plants has not been increased in treating such a large amount of Vahatmal. Therefore, the ineligible vahatham is left directly in the rivers. As a result, the number of pollutants and water borne diseases is increasing.

Wastewater is treated with fattened microorganisms that inhabit the naturally occurring sewage. This treatment is performed in the following two steps -

Primary treatment - At this stage of treatment, large particles are physically separated by filtration and sedimentation. They are separated in different phases. Initially the floating litter is removed by sequential filtration. After this, Shitabalukaasham (Grit) (Pulley of soil and small pellets) is expelled by sedimentation. All concrete which are the particles sitting under the primary angle (sludge), they and Plavy (supernetant) produce effluent. Exfoliation is taken from the primary sedimentation tank for secondary treatment.

Secondary treatment or biological treatment - Primary exfoliation is passed through large aerial tanks, where it is constantly mechanically shaken and the air is pumped into it. This results in the strong growth of beneficial atmospheric microorganisms in the form of an orchard (bunch of bacterial structure of bacterial fibers attached to fungal fibers). During growth, this microbial consumes major parts of organic matter present in the exosphere. It significantly reduces the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) of the exocrine system. BOD refers to the only amount of oxygen that the organic bacteria present in a liter of water by consuming them and oxidizing them. The boiling stool is treated until the BOD reduces. In a sample of water, the rate of evolution of oxygen by microorganisms is measured by BOD testing. So indirectly the measurement of organic matter present in the water is the BOD. When the waste of water will be high, its pollution capacity will be more. Once the BDs of vested sewage or waste water decrease in sufficiently enough, then send exhaustion to the satelating tank, where the bacterial flavors convert it to depression. This depression is called actively active. Activate pump the small part of the back again in the aerial tank. It works like investment investments. The remaining main part of the unit is pumped into a large tank which is called aerobic sync compartment (anarobic slage dysistor). Here are other varieties of bacteria that increase in an anomaly. They digestive bacteria and coworkers present in the connection. During the digestion, bacteria mix a mixture of gases such as methane, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. This mixture of gases is called biogas. Because these flavors are flammable, they can be used as energy sources.

Excretion from a secondary treatment plant is usually left in natural sources of water such as rivers, waterfalls. Microorganisms in the production of biogas

Biogas is a mixture of many gases (which mainly include methane) and is produced by microbial activation. We know that micro-organisms produce gaseous products of different varieties during growth and metabolism. The gas that is produced depends on the organic matter consumed by these micro-organisms.

CO2 gas is mainly produced in the production of wet flour, cheese (cheeses) and the production of drinks. Although some bacteria that grow unnaturally on cellulose matter, they produce CO2 and H2 as well as large amounts of methane. Collectively these bacteria are called methanogen. Among these are common bacteria methanobacterium. This bacteria is commonly found in an uneven thickened sludge. These bacteria are also found in rumen (first stomach) of animals. Only a large amount of cellulose materials are available in the rumen. In the rumen, these bacteria are helpful in breaking cellulose and play an important role in nurturing animals.

Similarly, these bacteria are found in abundance in the stool (dung) of animals. The cellulogenous derivatives of plants in dung are abundant. Therefore, they are used in the production of biogas, which is also called 'dung gas'.

The biogas plant is a tank (10-15 feet deep), in which the waste of dirt and dung is filled. A soft lid is placed on top of the shape. Due to microbial activity, the gas is formed in the tank, causing the lid to rise above. There is an exit in the biogas plant which is connected to a pipe. With the help of this pipe, the supply of biogas is supplied to nearby houses. The used operation is removed from the other exit door. It is used as a fertilizer. Microorganisms as biological control factors Main article: Bio control

The use of biological method for the control of plant diseases and suffering is only biological control. In modern society chemicals, insecticides and pesticides are used to control these problems. But these chemicals are very toxic and harmful for humans and animals. These pollute the environment (soil, ground water) and also have harmful effects on fruits, greens and crops. Weed killers are used to remove weeds. This also pollutes our soil.

Biological control of the patients and diseases- In agriculture, this method of control of the patients relies more heavily on 'natural prejudice' than the use of chemicals. Biodiversity is the key to health. The more varieties on the landscape, the more stability they provide. So organic farmers work to develop a system, in which insects (also called 'padas') are not insulated, they instead believe in maintaining them at a controllable level. Bio control is a kind of 'holistic approach', which develops the interpretation of the interplay of interactions between millions of organisms. The farms create feral and tree plants (frolas). Organic farmer's view is that abolition of the victims is not only impossible but also undesirable. Without these victims, beneficial predators and parasitic insects will not be able to survive, which is dependent on the nutrition or food for the patients. Microorganisms as organic fertilizers

Today environmental pollution is one of the main causes of concern. The use of chemical fertilizers to meet the growing demands of agricultural products is the main reason for this pollution. People are now beginning to understand that the maximum use of chemical fertilizers has involved many problems. As a result, the emphasis is on the use of biological farming and the use of organic fertilizers. Recently, a large number of organic fertilizers have started to be available in the market on a large scale in India. Farmers are constantly using them in their fields. This also reduces the dependence of soil nutrients and the dependence on chemical fertilizers.

Bio fertilizer is a type of organism that increases the nutrient quality of the soil. These main sources are bacteria, fungus and cyanobacteria. The bilayets (laguminous) glands located on the roots of plants are formed by Rhizobium's symbiotic connection. This bacterium stabilizes atmospheric nitrogen and converts it into organic form, so that plants use it as nutrients. Other bacteria (eg, azospirillum and azobacter) live in the soil in mucus. It can also freeze atmospheric nitrogen. Thus, nitrogen content is increased in the soil.

Fungi establish symbiotic connection (mycorrhiza) with plants. Many members of the Glomos genus make up mycorrhiza. In this combination, fungal symbiotic absorption of phosphorus from the soil and send it to the plants. Plants with such relationships exhibit many other benefits such as resistance to steroid pathogens, tolerance and drought tolerance and growth and growth.

Cyanobacteria are self-absorbed microorganisms that are found extensively in aquatic and terrestrial atmospheres. Many of them can stabilize atmospheric nitrogen, such as anabina, nostock, oscillatoria etc. Cyanobacteria play important role in organic fertilizers in paddy fields. Neel green algae also raises the organic material in the soil, thereby increasing its fertility. Also see them

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