Greece

Greece or Greece is a country in Europe continent. The people here are called Greek or Yavan. They are called Greek in English and other western languages. It is a group of islands located in the northeast of the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Greeks migrated from this island to many other areas where they still exist as a minority, such as Turkey, Egypt, Western Europe etc.

The Greek language has given many words to modern English and other European languages. Due to its superiority in the technical fields, many European words in the technical field are made from Greek language roots. Due to this, they have come in other languages ​​too.

The capital here is Athens. In ancient temples, the Temple of Delphi is worth seeing in Parthanan and some distant cities.

Geography

Status: 35 ° to 41 ° 30 'U. And 19 ° 30 'to 27 ° p; Area - 51,182 square miles, population is 85,55,000 (1958, estimated) Balconan is a country of the state in the southern part of the Balkan peninsula, in which north of Albania, Yugoslavia and Bulgaria, east of Turkey, southwest, south and south east Respectively, are located in the Ionian Sea, the Mediterranean and the Isian Sea. Greece is called the state of Hellas.

The most attractive geographical feature of Greece is its mountainous area, very deep shore coastline and islands of plenty. Mountains are spread over its 3/4 area. In the western part, the Pindas Mountains are continuously spreading to the sea and the shoreline. On the contrary, mountain ranges in the east run smoothly with the sea. This type of shadow creates a different coastline and a wonderful fringed island in Europe. The main ports are situated on this fringed island and the nearby Aegean Sea is full of about 2,000 islands. They work as stairs of stone between Asia and Europe. No part of the country is more than 80 miles away from the sea. There are only three broad fields in this country: ththros, macedonia, and thesaleoli.

Greece's climate is exceptionally different from the idea of ​​its expansion. The main reason for this is the diversity of height, the long shape of the country and the presence of balconies and the Mediterranean wind. Mediterranean areas are found in the coastal areas, which are characterized by long, hot and dry summers and rainy winter rainy seasons, the climate of Thessaloniki, Macedonia and Throes is rainy, the winter season is cold and the summers are warmer. Third climatic clause is found on Alpine Mountain. Natural department

Greece can be divided into five natural departments - 1. Throos and Macedonia, 2. Epirus, 3. Thesali, 4. Middle Greece and 5. Archipelago. Throos and macedonia

The northern parts are completely mountainous. Warsaw, Struma, Nestus and Merrick are major rivers. Are mountainous There are extensive grounds in which food grains, tobacco and fruits are cultivated. Alexandroupolis, Kavala and Salonika are the major ports in this state. Epirus

Most of the parts are mountainous and odd. Therefore there are no other means of transportation except some roads. The main enterprise of mountainous people is Sheep Crib. Some sticks, especially maize, are grown in small plains. Thesali

The island of Thesale is very fertile, just like in Macedonia, where farming is done on a broad scale rather than any part of Greece. The main slabs are wheat, maize, barley and cotton. Larissa is the main town and Wallace is the main port. Central Greece

Thabs (Thyyi) in central Greece, there are areas of stony and heterogeneous land besides the Levitic and Lamians plains. In the plains, there are grains of mud, oranges, dates, figs, olives, grapes, lemon and corn. Skin and wool is obtained in the area of ​​rocky and heterogeneous land.

In this section, the main port of Greece and industrial city of Piracos, Greece, come to the national capital Athens. Islands

Mainly, Ionian, Aegean, Eboa, Cyclades and Crete Island are notable. Crete is the largest island in it, with its length being 160 miles and width is 35 miles. In 1951, its population was 4,61,300 and in it are two major cities, Candia and Cana, are located.

Ionian islands are very dense. All the islands produce some alcohol, olive oil, grapes, grapefruit and dried fruits. Most resident fishermen here earn their livelihood in the form of a sailor or sponge diver. Natural property

Mineral: Greece has adequate mineral wealth, but this natural wealth can not be used if it is not conducted in a systematic way. Depending on the recommendation of the sub-committee (unrra) formed by the United States for the development of mineral substances (1 947), in 1951 AD, sub-regional investigative center of Athens started the construction of the geological map of Greece on 1 / 50,000 scale.

The main mineral deposits include Iron Metal, Vauxite, Iron Pyrite, Kurun Stone, Beraite. Ses, zinc, magnesite, sulfur, manganese, antimony and lignite. From the discovery of the United Nations Commission in 1951, it came to know that there are deposits of dugable oil in the areas of Messina Pita, Kardista, Trikala and Throth. Hydro power

It has not been adequately developed. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (March, 1947) the capacity of hydropower was 8,00,000 kilovats and 5,00,00,00,000 kilovatt hours per year, whereas only 22,00,00,000 kilowatts before the World War Hour electric was made and precious fuel was imported for thermal power plants. To get rid of the problem of erosion, flood and sand from the uncontrolled rivers of Greece, additional land is being acquired for power and agriculture by controlling them by river valley schemes. These schemes are Agra (Macedonia), the Ledan river (Pelopanissus), Lauras River (EPRs) and the alverenian (Eboa) are the main ones. Natural Vegetation and Animal

The vegetation of Greece can be divided into four sections:

1. Tobacco, cotton, oranges, olives, dates, almonds, grapes, figs and pomegranates are found in this region up to 1500 feet from the sea, and on the banks of the rivers there are trees of Larrel, Mehandi, Gum, Karveer, Saro and white poplar.

2. In the second area (1500 '-3500') mountain shells are found on the oak, oak nut and pine tree. Using resin from the pine, it is used to make turpentine oil and to make the famous wine of Greece Retsina delicious.

3. In the third volume (3500 '-5500') is especially found in the beech. Pine trees are found in fur and lower parts at height.

4. In the alpine area, small plants at more than 5,500 'height-Lycons and mangoes meet. In the spring colorful wild flowers beautify the mountainous parts.

There are bears, pigs, lidaks, wedgers, jackals, foxes, wild cat and mongoose among the worldly animals. In the Pinds category, wolf is found in stag and mountain areas. Here are some of the various types of birds, vultures, vultures, eagles, eagles, bulbul and ducks are found. Agriculture

Only 1/4 of the total area is profitable. Per capita area (0.74 acres) and per acre production (13.5 basil) are the lowest in both European countries. The main reason for production deficiency is inadequate rain, unprofessional land, very fried pasture and old agricultural systems. On the first day of World War II, there was a volume of 2500 calorie per person per day, whereas in more advanced countries this quantity ranges from 300 to 3200. Consumption of meat and dairy food has been very low in the Greeks diet. Most farmers used to produce food for their own families first. So far farmers of the mountainous regions and small islands are self-sufficient. Now most parts have special agriculture and one crop is produced.

74% of the arable land produces foodgrains and mustard seeds, wheat, maize, barley, oats. In 1951, their production was 13,90,000 metric tonnes (estimated). A small amount of pulses, soybeans, broad beans and chick peas are produced and imported from abroad as needed. Potato is made from the country itself. The commercial crops of Greece are tobacco and cotton, which were produced in 1951 AD with 62,000 and 81,00 MT respectively. The cotton is of high quality and its production is also increasing with the development of the industry.

Fruit production is 26% in agriculture and 36% of them produce agriculture. These olive groves are the main ones. The production of edible olive and olive oil in the year 1951 was 81,000 and 1,40,000 meter (estimated) respectively. They are exported in sufficient quantity. The other fruits are primarily grapefruit, pears, apples, apricots, almonds, pistachios, walnuts, grapes, and pistachios.

Animal care is a major branch of Greece's agriculture. There is animal husbandry in every village. In 1955 there were 89,70,000 sheep and 9,57,000 animals. Business ventures

Due to the lack of coal, power and capital, the growth of the industries of Greece is very slow. In the manufacturing industries, which is based on agricultural matter, only 8% population is engaged. Textile, chemical and food items are the main ones in these industries. Other manufactured goods contain olive oil, alcohol, carpets, flour, cigarettes, fertilizers and building materials. Industrial development is around Athens and Solonica. Eggsa is the main center for cotton textiles. Foreign trade

The major agricultural commodities exported from here are Tobacco, Munkka, Resins, Olives, Olive Oil, Grapes and Alcohol. Munkka's exports increased from 15% in 1937 to 32% in 1951 AD. The main customers of Greece are West Germany, USA, UK, Austria, Italy, France and Egypt. Import goods contain finished goods, food and raw materials, which are mainly supplied by the United States, UK, West Germany, Italy, Belgium and Luxembourg. Traffic

The means of traffic are mainly ships, railways and roads. Here in 1956 (100 tons and above) 347 merchant ships whose capacity was 13,07,336 tons. In 1955 AD, the length of the railways was 1678 miles and in 1953, the length of the total roads was 14,221 miles. Greece's traffic system suffered unexpected loss during the Second World War, but by the assistance of the United States, they were completely cured by the year 1950. Education

Here elementary education is compulsory from seven years to 14 years. In 1954 elementary schools were 9,368, higher secondary schools were 425, and two were in University-Athens and Salonika. Apart from these there are several technical and foreign schools in Athens. History Main article: History of Greece

Ancient Greeks came to the island around 1500 BCE, where primitive people used to live in the past. These people are considered to be an Indo-European group. The period from 1100 BCE to 800 BCE is called the Dark Age. After this the rise of the Greek kingdoms. Athens, Sparta, Macedonia (Macedonia) were prominent in these states. There was a conflict between them. At this time there were unprecedented creations in Greek language. Science has also been developed. At the same time, Hakmani (Achaemenid) was emerging in Persia. Rome was also becoming powerful. From 500 BCE to 448 BCE, the Persian empire invaded Greece. Yawans had either lost their necks or had to retreat in these wars. But in the beginning of the 4th century BC, the Greek cities located on the banks of Turkey started rebelling against the Persian rule. Sikandar

Alexander (Alexander, Alecendra) emerged in Macedonia around 335 BC. He almost dominated almost all of Greece. After that he moved towards the Persian empire. On the coast of modern Turkey, he reached 330 BC where he defeated Shah Dahara III of Persia. Dara left the battlefield and fled After this, Alexander defeated the Persian army three times. Then they turned towards Egypt. After returning, he went to Mesopotamia (Modern Iraq, then under Persian control). After capturing nearly 40 times the Great Empire of his empire, Alexander moved to India while being Afghanistan. But his army refused to proceed due to fatigue. After that he returned and died in 3203 in Babylonia. This victory overtook him on Persia, but after his death, his empire was divided among its generals. In modern Afghanistan, the ruling cellulose proved to be the most powerful in Afghanistan. From the northwestern part of Iran to the first century BC, an unprecedented Indian Yavan civilization was created.

Rome was controlled by Greece in 117 BC, after Sikandar. Greece greatly influenced Rome's culture. The Greek language was one of the two official languages ​​of Rome. It also became the language of the Eastern Roman Empire. In 1453, after the fall of Kastununiya, it came under the control of Osmani (Ottoman Turk). After this, till 1821, it remained under Turks, while many people from here migrated to Western Europe and they translated their texts into English and other languages. After this, their importance became known in Europe.

After independence from the control of the Turks in 1821, there has been independence but the influence of the European powers has been given here too. In the First World War, it supported Allies against the Turks. In the Second World War, the Germans had taken control for some time here. After this there was a civil war. The Republic was established here in 1975. There is still a tension in Cyprus in Greece and Turkey. Also see

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