Puberty

Youth is a process of physical changes through which the body of the child changes in body of adult with reproductive capacity. Puberty starts by sending the hormonal signal to the sexual organs (ovaries and testes) by the brain. In response, sexual organs produce different types of hormones which speed up the development of brain, bones, muscles, skin, breasts and reproductive organs. Development occurs in the first half of puberty and stops at the end of puberty. Physical differences between puberty boys and girls remain confined to genitals only. During puberty, many physical structures and systems develop due to major differences in size, shape, composition and related functions. The most obvious of these are referred to as secondary sex characteristics.

In pure sense, the term puberty (Latin word puberatum) (maturity, age of manhood) is related to the physical changes of sexual maturity rather than the development of psychosocial and cultural aspects of the teen. Adolescence is the period of psychosocial and social changes between childhood and adulthood. Adolescence is largely occupied during the period of puberty, but its boundaries have not been properly defined and it is more related to the development of psychosocial and cultural characteristics of adolescence years rather than the physical changes of puberty.

Difference Between Male and Female Puberty

The main difference between the puberty of boys and girls is the age of its birth and the main sex steroids involved in this process. Approximate outline of development period in child and adolescent development. On the right side has marked puberty in green color.

Although there is a wide range of general age, however, girls start puberty in 10 years and boys at 12 years of age. Generally by the age of 15-17, the puberty of girls ends, whereas the age of the boys' puberty ends at the age of 16-18. Increasing height after these age limitations is uncommon. About 4 years after the first signs of puberty, girls get reproductive maturity. On the contrary, the boys grow slowly, but the symptoms of puberty continue to grow for about 6 years before the visible. 1-follo stimulating hormone - FSH looting hormone - LH 3 progesterone estrogens 4 estrogens 5 hypothalamus 6 pituitary gland LH 7 8 ovary pregnancy - HCG (Human Chronic Gonadotropin) 9 Testosterone 10 Tasteicle 11 Incentive 12 Prolactin - PRL

For boys, an androgen named testosterone is the major sex hormone. While the changes caused by testosterone in boys have been called virilization, male testosterone is a major product of metabolism in estradiol, however, its levels increase in girls and at a much slower pace is. The male's "bounce in development" also begins later, is gradually faster and ends before fusion of epiphyses. Although boys are less than 2 cm short on the beginning of puberty, on average, adult men are about 13 cm (5.2 in) long. The gender gap in the height of the adults is due to the speed of development at the end of the fast and slow completion, which is delayed as a result of development and low levels of estradiol in males.

The hormone which affects the growth of females is an androgen called estradiol. While estradiol promotes uterus and breast enlargement, it is also a major hormone for expansion of fertility and maturation and termination of epiphyseal. The level of estradiol increases rapidly in females as compared to men and reaches high levels. Beginnings of puberty

The onset of puberty is associated with high GNRH pulse before the occurrence of sex hormones LH and FSH. External GnRH nadis is the reason for the onset of puberty. Brain tumor which increases the production of GnRH, can cause puberty prematurely.

The cause of the rise in GnRH is unknown. Leptin can be the cause of GnRH growth. Leptin receptors are found in the hypothalamus (a part of the brain) that make GnRH. In those who lack leptin, puberty can not be started. Leptin level increases with the onset of puberty and falls to adulthood levels after the completion of puberty. Increases in GnRH can also be due to genetics. One study showed that changes in genes containing Neurokinin B and Neurokinin B receptors could change the timing of puberty. Researchers have assumed that in order to generate direct, and to produce LH and FSH, Kisspeptin, GnRH, indirectly controlling the secretion of a compound responsible Neurokinin B plays an important role. Physical changes in boys Size, function and reproduction of testis

In boys, the increase in the size of the testes is the first physical expression of puberty and it is called gonadarche. 1 year before the onset of puberty, the size of the testes in boys becomes an average of 2-3 cm long and about 1.5-2 cm wide. Growth of testes continues throughout the puberty, and after six years of puberty, it reaches its maximum adult size. One year after the boy's testicles grow and develop, the length and width of the penis increase and the veins (corpora cavernosa) also begin to grow according to adulthood ratios. While the size of an average adult is 18-20 cc, there is a wide variation in the size of the testicles in the general population.

The testicles have two main functions: producing hormones and producing sperm. Leydig cells produce testosterone, which in turn produces pubertic changes in men. Most of the growth of testicles in the testicles are made of spermatozoa (mainly Sertoli and Leydig cells). In the first year of changes in puberty and sometimes in the morning, sperm can be seen in boys urine in the morning. On average, the fertility of the boys develops at the age of 13, but full reproduction ability does not develop before the age of 14-16.

It is also worth noting that during the puberty, the size of the male testis will increase and it will start dangling instead of being strict and dangling below the body, that is to adjust the production of sperm because the testicles are fertile To maintain, a certain temperature is needed. Hairspring

Shortly after the development of a boy's genitalia, pubic hair begins to appear. Gestational hair usually appears for the first time on the back (part of the abdomen) of the penis. The first few hairs are described as stage 2. Stage 3 usually occurs between 6-12 months, when it becomes impossible to count the hair. By step 4, the hair of the genitals is covered completely by "punching triangle" (Pubic triangle). In step 5, the genitals of the genitals spread to the thighs and from the navel to the upper side as the development of stomach hair. Body and face hair A man whose face is shaved

Androgenic hair may develop in other parts of the skin due to the reactions of androgens in the months and years following the appearance of pubic hair. The general sequence is: hair of the hawks (armpits), the hair around the anus, the hair of the upper lip, the hair of the pen (in front of the ears), the hair around the breast and the beard area. Due to the high degree of diversity in human biological processes, some specific sequences may vary in some individuals. Arm, leg, chest, abdomen and back hair become dense, respectively. Adult men have a high degree of diversity in body hair, and significant differences in the time and quantity of hair growth in different ethnic groups are found. Facial hair often arrives at the end of adolescence, but can not even come late. For two to four years of puberty, face hair becomes rough, deep and thick, respectively. Even after 10 years of puberty in some men, there is no hair on the whole face. Chest hair may appear during or after a few years of youth. All men do not have hair on the chest. Change in voice

Under the influence of androgens, the voice box, or throat, grows in both sexes. This development is more prominent in boys, in which men's voices become heavy and deep, sometimes suddenly, but perhaps "in one night", because one has a less fundamental frequency in long and thick sound muscles. Before puberty, the neck and neck of boys and girls is almost equally small. Occasionally, there is a change in voice in the initial stages of untrained voices with the instability of vowels. Most of the process of voice change takes place during phase 3-4 around the time of extreme development of male puberty. At the age of 15 years, the full adult swell (pitch) is attained. This can usually happen from months to years before the development of important facial hair. Male muscularity and body size

By the end of puberty, adult men's bones become relatively heavier and almost double by skeletal muscles. Development of some bones (such as shoulder width and jaw) is comparatively more incompatible, due to which there is significant difference in the skeletal of male and female. On an average, about 150% of the weight of an average woman and approximately 50% of body fat is found in an adult male

The development of the muscles is primarily in the final stages of puberty and muscle growth can continue even after the boy is biologically adult. The so-called "energetic force", the rate of muscle growth, is achieved by a man about one year after achieving his peak growth rate.

Often, the fats are collected near the breasts of the breast of the male and the nipples of the males develop during puberty, sometimes especially on this one thoracic appearance, it becomes more visible and it appears to be gynecomastia ). This is not usually a permanent event. Body odor and acne

Increasing levels of androgens can change the fatty acid structure of perspiration, which can result in the smell of more "adult" body. Like girls, another effect of androgen can increase the secretion of oil from the skin (sebum), which can cause acne in different quantities. Acne can not be easily prevented or eliminated from acne, but at the end of puberty it usually ends completely. Although it is not uncommon for a fully grown adult to be afflicted with acne, however, it is generally less severe than the acne due to adolescents. Some adults may use special creams or ointments to avoid acne, or may also consume medicines, which is because emotionally it is difficult to tolerate acne and make the face scary. Physical changes in girls Breasts development

Generally, the first physical clear sign of puberty in girls, which occurs at approximately 10.5 years of age, is the soft body hanging under the middle of aiola of one or both breasts. It is referred to as breast development (Thelarche). In Tanner Staging, widely used for puberty, it is the stage 2 of breast development. (Step 1 is a smooth chest before puberty). Within six to 12 months, swelling on both sides clearly starts, is less and it can be seen and seen coming out of the edges of Ariola. This is stage 3 of breast development. For the next 12 months (phase 4), with the telescopic shape of the area (papillae) around the area of ​​Ariola and the nipple, the breasts become mature shape and size. In most young women, this mound gets dissolved in the outline of mature breast (step 5), although there are so many variations in the shape and shape of adult breasts that they can not always be identified separately in phases 4 and 5. Hairspring

Poodle hair is usually the second noticeable change of puberty, which often begins within a few months of breast development. This change is known as pubber. Usually pubic hair appears on labia. The first few hair tanners are described as phase 2. Usually, phase 3 starts between 6-12 months, in which it is impossible to count the hair and it also starts to appear near the vagina. By step 4, the hairs of the genitals cover "puppet triangle". Stage 5 relates to spreading the pubic hair to the thighs and sometimes in the form of abdominal hair in the upward direction to the navel. In 15% of girls, the opening hair of the genitals begins to appear before breast development. Vagina, uterus, ovary

Due to increasing levels of estrogen, changes in the mucosal surface of the vagina also make it more thick and dull in pink. (Compared to the bright red color of vaginal mucosa before puberty). White secretion (physical leukorrhea) is also a common effect of estrogen. After two years of thelarche, the size of the uterus, ovaries and deposits located in the vagina increases. Ovaries often contain a small pimple that is seen by ultrasound. Menstruation and reproduction

The first menstrual bleeding is known as Menache and it usually occurs two years after Thelarch. The average age of menarche in girls is 11.75 years. The time between menstrual periods (menstrual periods) for the first two years after menarche is not always regular. Ovulation is necessary for reproduction, but it is possible that this may not happen with early menstruation. After the menarche, in the first year 80% of girls, 50% in the third year and 10% cycle in the sixth year were irregular. The introduction of ovulation after menarche is not mandatory. In those girls who have several years of irregularity and ovulation problems in menstrual cycle for many years due to menstrual cycle, they are more prone to fertility. Marriage is used as an indicator of fertility. Body size, fat distribution and physical structure

During this period, due to increasing estrogen levels, lower half of the pelvic and hip becomes wide. (To increase the birth cure) Compared to men in the physical structure, the amount of adipose tissue increases significantly in women, especially in the upper part of the breasts, hips, buttocks, thighs, upper arms and vagina. By the end of puberty, the size of a particular woman is dependent on gender differences in local skeletal development, with variations in the distribution of fat. On average, at the age of 10, girls have more than 6% fat compared to boys in the body. Body odor and acne

Increasing levels of androgens can change the fatty acid structure of sweating, which can result in the smell of more "adult" body. This often happens after Thelar and Pubarche one or more years. Due to the other effect of androgen, secretion of oil from the skin increases (sebum). This change leads to acne, a condition in the skin that is indicative of the beginning of puberty. There are many variations in the type of acne. Variations At the onset of puberty

Depending on the definition of the beginning of puberty (e.g., hormonal versus physical) and the reason (establishing the general standard of population, the medical care of the recipient of late or early puberty). The most common definition of the beginning of puberty is physical changes in a person's body. These physiological changes are the first symptom of change in nervous, hormonal, and sexual organs. [/ P]

Usually, there is a diversity in the beginning of puberty in men, often young people start between 10-13 years. The age at which puberty begins is affected by the conditions of nutrition and the genetic and environmental factors such as the social conditions. An example of social situations is the Vandenbergh effect, in which a teenage woman who is more in contact with adult men, the beginning of puberty is more prevalent than those of adolescent women who are not socially exposed to adult men. .

The average age in which puberty starts, can also be influenced by race. For example, in the survey of different populations, the average age of menarche is seen between 12 to 18 years. African American girls have an average age of early puberty and the latest average population in Asia is based on population. However, much higher average age reflects the lack of nutrients compared to genetic differences and can change in a few generations with a significant change in diet. The middle age of the population in a population can be a list of girls suffering from malnutrition in that population and its diversity can reflect the inequality of distribution of food and food in the population.

Researchers have identified the first age of the beginning of puberty. However, their conclusions are based on the data of 1999 data comparing data from 1969. In the first example, the population taken as a sample was based on white girls (200, from Britain). Later studies showed that in 48% of African American girls, puberty begins at the age of nine and 12% of white girls till this age. Historical changes

The average age in which puberty starts has declined, after the 1840s. Researchers call this fall "worldly trend" (secular trend). Between 1840 and 1950, there was a decline of four months in the average age of menarche among Western European women in every decade. The girls born in Norway in 1840 had gone through the state of Minerva in an average age of 17 years. France had an average 15.3 years in 1840. In England, the average was 16.5 years in 1840. Degradation in Japan came late and then it was more intense: Japan saw a decline of 11 months per decade from 1945 to 1975.

A 2006 study in Denmark found that puberty, as a proof of breast development, began in the average age of 9 years and 10 months, 1 year from similar study done in 1991. was before. Scientists believe that this phenomenon can be linked to obesity or exposure to chemicals in the food chain and it is pushing girls towards the greatest threat of breast cancer. Genetic Impact and Environmental Factors

Various studies have found that in the 46% of the right nutrition population, genetic factors are responsible for diversification in sexual time. The genetic relationship of time between the mothers and daughters is the strongest. Specific genes affecting time are not known yet. One of these can be an androgen receptor genes.

Researchers have expressed the impression that some hair care agents, such as estrogen or placenta, and some chemicals such as phthalates, which are used in cosmetic, toy, and plastic food containers, start before the timing of puberty May be.

If genetic factors are responsible for fifty percent of the time of puberty, premature environmental factors are equally important. One of the first observed environmental impact is that puberty is beginning late in children living at higher altitudes. The most important environmental impact is obviously nutrition, but others have also been identified, which more clearly affects the timing of menstruation and menstruation than male puberty. Hormones and steroids

There is a theoretical concern in to this and evidence from animals that atmospheric hormones and chemicals can affect the aspects of sexual development in humans before or after environmental hormones and chemicals delivery. In large cities, incomplete Metabolis estrogens and Progestagen sewage from pharmaceutical products are excreted in the system and can sometimes be detected in the environment. Sex steroids are sometimes used in animal farming but for the production of chicken meat, they are restricted for 40 years. Although agricultural laws regulate at least casual human consumption, these rules have largely been implemented in the United States. Direct access to the child's hormones or other substances, which activate estrogen or androgen receptors, can cause some or all changes in puberty.

Spread chemicals such as PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) are more difficult to check the effect of puberty, which can stop or stop estrogen receptors.

A small but direct risk for partial puberty is to take sexual medicines at home by young children, which can be identified during the medical checkup of untimely puberty, but mild effects and other potentially above-mentioned threats can not be identified.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used in making plastic and it is used to make the layers of baby bottles, water bottles, sports equipment, medical equipment and food and beverage containers. Is often used in. Scientists are concerned about the impact of BPA on the fetus, infants and children, and the current level of contact, as this prostate gland can affect the mammary gland and before the time of puberty in girls Can start BPA interrupts estrogen, an important breeding and growth regulator, and its functioning. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC / CDC), during the study, more than 90 percent of the population of the United States has a BPA in population, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention A lot of quantity was found. It is estimated that the highest amount of BPA is taken by infants and children. BPA is found in many plastic bottles and with the increase in temperature, BPA is more likely to spread, i.e. when a baby bottle is boiled or kept in the microwave. Effects of nutrition

Nutrition factors are the strongest and most obvious environmental factors affecting the timing of puberty. Girls are particularly sensitive towards nutrition regulation, because they should get complete nutrition for the development of the fetus. Excess calorie (beyond growth and activity requirements) increases the amount of fat in the body, thereby indicating to the brain that resources are available for the beginning of puberty and reproduction processes.

Most of the evidence points out that for the past few centuries, there is a difference between the nutrition of the main cause of diversity in puberty time, even among most populations and social classes in the same population. Increasing animal protein consumption worldwide, other changes in nutrition and growing obesity in childhood is the main reason for early puberty, especially in those populations in which the last age is over. The quantity of nutrition types is shrinking in many populations.

Although the available dietary energy (simple calories) has the most important effect on the timing of puberty, the quality of the food also has a role in it. Low protein and high fiber-rich foods, as in some particular vegetarian diets, are associated with the development of late-puberty and slow pace of women. Obesity effects and exercise

Scientific researchers linked early obesity with girls early onset of puberty. They have cited Menarche as obesity before nine years of breast development and before twelve years. Earliest puberty in girls can be said to be the root cause of health problems.

The average level of daily physical activity has also been seen especially affecting the timing of puberty in women. A high level of exercise, whether for athletic or body image, or for daily living, reduces energy available for reproduction, and reduces puberty. The effect of exercise often increases with low weight and cholesterol. Physical and mental illness

Older diseases can delay the puberty of boys and girls both. People who lack permanent illnesses or nutrition, are most affected. In the western world, inflammation of the intestinal disease and tuberculosis remained notorious for long lasting effects, while long-term parasitic infections in undeveloped areas of the world are widespread.

Mental illnesses appear in young age. Due to the development of hormones, the brain develops specially due to which the disorders such as mood disorders such as major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, dysthymia and schizophrenia can occur. In girls aged 15 and 19, 40% of cases are related to dietary disorders. Stress and social factors

Some of the least understood environmental effects on the timing of puberty include social and psychological effects. Compared to the effects of genetics, nutrition and general health, social effects are small, which can change the changes of puberty for a few months instead of years. The functioning of these social effects is unknown, although it is reported that many types of physical processes, including pheromone, are based on research done on animals.

The most important part of a child's psychosocial environment is the family, and most social impact research has examined its relationship with the structure of the family and the early or late start of female puberty. Most studies show that menarche may be the first of those girls in high-stressed homes, whose fathers were absent in their early childhood, or who had a stepfather in their home, or who had been sexually exploited for a long time in their childhood. , Or those who have been adopted at the young age of developing countries. On the contrary, menarche may appear sometime in those girls who grow up with a biological father in a large family.

Unbearable range of environmental stress, such as the condition of the refuge at the time of the war, in which physical security is threatened, has been associated with delayed maturity, an effect which can be complicated by the inadequacy of the diet.

Most of these so-called social influences are small and are not completely understood by us. Most "effects" are in the form of data that came out of the survey during the epidemic. Statistical organizations are not necessarily facts and different types of changes and alternative explanations can be imagined. It is never possible to confirm or refute the effects of such small quantities on any small child. Apart from this, interpretation of the figures is politically disputed because such research can be used for political intercession. The allegations of discrimination on the basis of political agenda have sometimes been associated with scientific criticism.

Another drawback of social research is that almost all belong to girls, because some women need more physical resources for puberty, and because some of them include a unique event (menarche) that women Makes surveys of research easier than men. More information is given in the article below. Order change

The sequence of events in the development of puberty can sometimes be different. For example, in 15% of boys and girls, pubarches (early childhood of the genitalia) can be from gonadarche and thelarche some months ago. Rarely, menarche occurs before some other girls see the other symptoms of puberty. These changes are worth medical evaluation because they sometimes indicate a disease. Conclusion

In a general sense, the conclusion of puberty is reproductive maturity. The criteria for defining the conclusions can be different for different reasons such as criteria, yield of fertility, attainment of height of maximum adult, maximum size of genitals or adult sex hormone levels. On average, a girl gets her adult adult height at an average age of 15 years and at an average age of 18 years. Potential fertility (sometimes called nubility), usually occurs in girls 1-2 years before the completion of 3-4 years of development in boys. Stage 5 usually represents the maximum development of genital and adult hormone levels. Neurohormonal procedure

With the reactions and regulation of many other physical systems, the endosurin reproduction system is formed in conjunction with hypothalamus, pituitary, genital and adrenal glands. Actual puberty is called "central puberty" because it starts due to the process of central nervous system. A simple explanation of hormonal puberty is as follows:

The start of this neurohormonal process can be 1-2 years before the first physical change. Components of endocrine reproduction system

Archaeet of the hypothalamus is the operator of the nucleus reproduction system. There are neurons that generate the senses of GnRH in the portal venous system of the pituitary gland. The arcuate nucleus is influenced and controlled by the reactions of the nerves of the other parts of the brain and hormones obtained from sex, adipose tissues and various other systems.

The pituitary gland acts in the normal flow of blood, except for the LH and FSH in a pulsed pattern and to the spindle GnRH.

Genitalia (testes and ovaries), testosterone and estrogen steroids react to the growing levels of LH and FSH by producing sex hormones.

Adrenal glands are the second source of steroids hormones. Adrenal maturation, called adrenarche, usually occurs in the middle of childhood prior to gonadarche. Major hormones Endocrine perspective

The endocrine reproductive system becomes functional by the end of the first trimester of embryonic life. Testis and ovaries are inactive for some time at birth but after several months of birth, hormonal activity starts again, when the non-understandable mechanism of the brain prevents the process of the archaeutual nucleus. It has been referred to as the maturation of pre-puberty "gonadostat", which becomes sensitive for negative reaction by sex steroids. After the period of hormonal activity after several months of birth, the process of prevention begins, which may correspond to the sexuality of the baby, after which the latency phase begins, which is described by Sigmund Freud.

The level of gonadotropin and sex steroids falls below for approximately 8 to 10 years of childhood (the investigation through current medical resources is almost impossible) Evidence is rising that in the childhood years the reproduction system is not completely inactive. The gonadotropin senses have a slight increase and the ovarian follicles around the germ cells double into the future number of eggs formed in the future.

The process of normal puberty begins in the hypothalamus, with the inhibition of the pulse generator in the arcuate nucleus. This prohibition of the arcuate nucleus is an active barrier released by other areas of the brain. Signals and mechanisms that release arcuate nuclei from the prohibition have been the subject of investigation for decades and are not fully understood. During childhood, leptin levels continue to grow and the arcuate allows the nucleus to be processed. If the development of the arcuate nucleus in childhood is disrupted before time due to an injury in the brain, then it can operate the gonadotropin senses, which will begin the process of puberty prior to age.

Neurons of the Archaeut nucleus secrete the gonadotropin emitting hormones (GnRH) in the blood of the pituitary portal system. An American physologist, Ernst Noble, found that the GnRH signal from the hypothalamus induced the pulse of LH (and hence less than one degree FSH) at an interval of about 1-2 hours. LH veins are caused due to the GnRH secretion from the arcuate nucleus fluctuation, which is made of itself, the vibrations produced by signals or signal producers of the central brain system ("GnRH pulse generator"). Robert M. Boyer found that in the first years of physical puberty, gonadotropin senses only in the sleep, but reaching the stage of puberty can be identified in the daytime. By the end of puberty, the intensity and frequency of the gonadotropin senses differs slightly from day to night.

Some investigators have attributed the resonance of tremors in the brain for the onset of puberty. Accordingly, the senses of the genitals of the pneumonia that are present in the night long before puberty represent this statement.

The group of "auto-intensive processes" increases the amount of hormones responsible for adolescence in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and genitalia.

Regarding adrenarse regulation and its relationship with the maturation of hypothalamic genitals, it has not been fully understood and according to some evidence it is a large independent process that runs parallel to or above puberty. Increasing levels of adrenal androgens (called adrenarts) can be identified even between 6 and 11 years, even before the rise of genital nerves of hypothalamic puberty. Adrenal androgens are responsible for the pubic hair (pubic), adult body odor and other androgenic changes in both sexes. The primary medical significance of the difference between adrenarche and gonadarche is that by the change of the hairs and body odor of the genitals, it does not prove that a child is going through the age of youth. Hormonal changes in boys

Early phase of hypothalamic maturation in males seems very similar to the early stages of female puberty, although they occur 1-2 years after them.

LH stimulates the Leydig cells of testis to make testosterone, and blood levels begin to rise. For most of the time of puberty, testosterone levels are higher than day level. Compared to the puberty of females, males need less regularity and intensity of frequency increase in germ veins.

However, an important part of testosterone in teenage boys turns into estradiol. Estradiol is responsible for the development of epiphyseal closure in boys like boom, maturation of bone and boys like girls. Estradiol also induces the development of breast tissue (gynecomastia) in a large proportion among boys. When there is a problem of light gynecomastia or swollen nipples during puberty in boys, then they are told that some male adolescents have higher levels of estrogen due to these effects are temporary.

Male hormonal changes occur most of the young men during adolescence. At this point in the life of males, testosterone levels gradually increase and most of the effects are administered in the form of a change in the planned organs (especially intestines) of dihydrotestosterone through androgen receptors. Hormonal changes in girls

Along with the increase in the LH pulse, vaginal Theca cells begin to produce testosterone and progesterone in some small quantities. Most testosterone is absorbed in surrounding cells called granulosa cells. A slight increase in FSH enhances the aromatase activity responsible for the development of these granulosa cells, which convert most testosterone into estradiol for secretion in veins.

Increasing levels of estradiol brings physical changes related to estrogen characteristics in female puberty: rapid growth, growth of bone maturation, growth of breasts, increased structure of fat, development of uterus, membrane and vaginal skin Increasing thickness, and widening the lower pelvic width.

As the level of estradiol increases gradually and develops other naturally occurring processes, adulthood pauses as soon as the hypothalamic "gonadostat" becomes operational. This achievement of positive feedback is related to female sexual maturity, because it allows mid cycle LH charge for ovulation.

Adrenal androgens and testosterone levels also increase during puberty, which produce special androgenic changes in female puberty: the hair of the genitals, the other endrogenic hair as mentioned above, the smell of the body, acne.

Harmonic levels continue to increase during the full state of puberty. The level of IGF1 increases and then it decreases at the end of puberty. The development ends and after adult epiphyses by the estradiol levels, the height of the adult is achieved. Step Also see them read ahead Related to this article in Wikisource, the original text is available: Puberty

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