Greek philosophy

The land of Greece has been very fertile for the philosophy. Many scholars believe that Greek philosophy has left an indelible impression on total Western thought.

introduction

Greek philosophy is divided into three parts. The first part was the ideas of those who were Greek, but lived in Greek colonies outside of Greece. With the thinkers of the Sophist sect and Socrates, Athens became the capital of philosophy. Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle gave the Greek philosophy its maturity and impressed on Western ideology. After Aristotle, the ancient philosophy started rolling downwards. In place of independent ideas, the arrangement of Plato and Aristotle became the target of interpretation. Greek philosophy was born in Ionia. Thales (624-550 BC) Anximander (611-547 BC) and Anneximinis (588-524 BC) revealed their thoughts about the fundamental element of creation. The three had the same perception that the basic element is one and that is physical. Thales gave water, the accelerator to the latent nature, and the anneximinase gave the air the basic substance. Properties and quantities appear in each physical substance. Ideologists of Ionia meditated on properties and disregarded the quantity. Pythagoras understood the quantity as the element of power. The quantity check is on the foundation of the unit and it is the basis of the number. According to Pythagoras, the number is the element of power. In this way, he entered the abstract in philosophical explanation. According to Pythagoras, conformity and harmony are seen everywhere in the universe. This congruence is famous in singing, the equivalence of the numbers is the life of the raga. The constellations produce melodious sound in their motion, although we can not hear it, because its intensity does not come in the limits of our hearing.

Parmenidis and Hierculatus presented a significant controversy in the festival of Socrates in the festival. Paramnidis ignored the quantity as property and saw itself as the basic element of power or "Sat". This "Sat" monotonous is absolute, there is no change in it; it is infinite, it is indivisible, unrelated to country and time. "Asat" lacks all these qualities. The emergence is a combination of "true" and "untrue". Hierarchists did not say that change is the element of power, nothing except power emergence. These two thinkers made the central questions in the philosophical discussion of the suffixes of "truth" and "publication". In protest against the hyperactivity of Hiraclitz, the disciple Genome of Parmanidis wanted to tell that the speed or change is not likely, the arrow is located at some point every moment, can not be simultaneously at two points.

Two more names have significance in the first era of ancient philosophy. Dimacrites (460-361 BC) said that the properties in the substances depend on the magnitude, size and location of atoms, which coincide with the substance. In a way, the atomicism of demarcrites was the coordination of goodwill and flowarism: Atoms are the truth, they have flowing the flow through their chance. Enxgaurus said that unconscious nature can not solve the system of creation; This solution requires consciousness. The disadvantage of consciousness in creation discussion was a significant change. Aristotle later said that Ennexorous was the only person who was drunk.

The first part of the Greek philosophy has placed the following suffixes in front of thinkers -

1. The basic element of creation, 2. Truth and origin, power and publication 3. Location of consciousness in composition

It is evident that the periodic explanation could not ignore any of these suffixes. The Communist Community and Socrates

The Greek philosophy arrived in Athens with the Swastist community and Socrates. So far the philosophy was understood in the sense of philosophy, now the policy and the knowledge-wisdom also got along with it. Regarding both, there was fundamental difference between the views of the Swatist thinkers and the Socrates. Protagoras said that man is the measure of all things. For every human being, there is the same truth which is known by the senses, that is the only auspicious for everyone who loves him. Socrates said that according to this description, truth and auspiciousness do not exist. If every person only speaks about his perception and his choice, then there can be no difference between the two people regarding truth and auspiciousness. Socrates said that the true and the auspicious one is the same for all. This dispute has inserted the general and special suffixes into philosophical considerations.

In relation to policy, Socrates said that knowledge and truthfulness are only one object. It does not mean that any action is not auspicious, until the doer has no knowledge of its auspiciousness, but also that such knowledge becomes mandatory for a person to do that karma. Bad karmas are ignorant actions in each state. Socrates wanted to characterize the moral suffixes and used it for arrival. The greatest contribution of Socrates to philosophy was that it made Plato and Aristotle possible. Both of them proceeded on the path shown by Socrates, and through them all the contemplative thoughts were printed on Socrates's ideas. Plato

Plato's location is at the peak in ancient Western philosophy. Apart from Socrates, participants in Platon's viewpoint in the views of Parthenidis and Heraclitus. Under the influence of Socrates, he understood the importance of the suffixes and gave them the post of power of Parmenidis. He saw the world as the emergence of Hierarchitus. The last power is of general or suffix, special substances are incomplete imitations of a suffix. This is Plato's well known suffix theory. These prefixes have a prefix of the original and prime suffix credit or auspicious.

In deciding the nature of truthfulness in the policy, Plato considered a person a small sample of society. The auspicious feelings of a person are suited to the needs of the society. He gave the title of main goodwill to discretion, courage, restraint and justice. The meaning of justice was that the other three instances remained in their own area and remained in harmony in life. In Gyanmamansa, he kept the knowledge at three levels. At the lowest level there is knowledge of special items. In such knowledge, the condition of the objects, the medium and the position of the knower have the effect of. It can not say that those who see a particular substance look at it in the same form. Plato gives such knowledge to the council. The knowledge that comes from mathematics is higher than the knowledge of the particular substance. We take a special triangle but whatever is proven, it is valid for all triangles. There is special general representation. There is a philosophical explanation at the highest level, it is the subject of general thought. In reality, this sense is entitled to be called knowledge.

Plato applied his suffix theory in his dialogue to the various aspects of power and life. The "Republic" is the key in these dialogues. In the opinion of some critics, in other dialogs we see Plato in one side, in the "Republic" see all the plato. Aristotle

Plato tried to present the world's widespread ambition. The senses can not tell anything in this regard. Whatever the thing, the price of Plato was disrespectful to him. Aristotle's nature was different from that, that element was: the scientist. Special for the scientist is the importance and he takes shelter of the sense of sense to know him. Aristotle began with "justice"; Written on physics, policy, politics and art, and finally writing an incomplete treatise on philosophy. In theory, he criticized every theory of plates. Plato had said that all particular substances in any category are incomplete imitations of the same general or suffix. There will be duplicates, but how did this come into the world? The prefix does not change, they can not make their full or imperfect copy. If the copy has been made in some way, the real world will exist - the speed or change remains the same. Plato had said that there is a difference in general category specials and that is why special classes of a category differ from special category. Aristotle gave special importance to the person. The person has a combination of material and shape. The initial material was latent nature, it had no form of shape. The shape in development gives the material speciality with its work. The distinction of high rise in substances depends on the extent to which the shape can affect the content. Everything in the world is moving forward, not pushed backwards, it is coming forward. Attractive power is a pure figure, which Aristotle names the divine.

In the policy, Aristotle did not consider the basic goodwill like Plato, he wanted to determine the nature of general good faith. He reached the conclusion that the auspicious or the gentleman has intermediate status in two extremes. Horror and cowardice are both demerits; There is courage in the middle of it, which is goodness. Etiquette is the state between apathy and slavery. With this solution, the distinction between the auspicious and the inauspicious becomes the difference. It is often considered a qualitative difference in philosophers. Good and evil are different types of things.

Socrates emphasized the definition of suffixes. Aristotle created justice, and incorporated it with a different distinction. Even today, the incorporation of Aristotle is justice. The main thing in the estimation is authenticity. We have to see that when accepting the parties, we are disrupted by accepting the conclusions. In sentences, a sentence that contains internal resistance, is inevitably invalid.

Aristotle's main contribution in the philosophy is the suffix of matter. So, he has described the 10 final sides (categories) of power, but in fact he is the substance and its properties. As we will see, the prefix of matter remains a central supplement of the thought till the time of philosophical interpretation. After Aristotle

Old fashioning with Aristotle ends the period of maturity. Just a few years after his death, Zino and Epicureus laid the foundations of two new ideas together. Both thoughts have three parts of justice, physics and philosophy. Both were followers of Aristotle in justice. Both in the prakrit world used to accept unreliable rule. The historical significance of both is related to the policy. The main subject of contention is the condition of gratitude or fulfillment. According to epicurus, this gratification is the only value in life. The position of mental fulfillment is higher than the rank of physical fulfillment, permanent fulfillment from transient fulfillment is more valuable. Simplicity, restraint, finiteity are very helpful for a happy life. It was the opinion and conduct of Epicureus, but the fundamental theory proved to be very powerful for its followers. If fulfillment in life is only a matter of value, then the more quantity it can get, the sooner it can be found, it should be received. The epicurean theory has become this for ordinary people- "Eat, Drink and Be Happy" This is the life cycle in inferior state. It was favorable to the situation of Greece, while staying for some time. According to Zino's idea (Stoicabd), the only value of life is virtuous. The element of virtuousness is victorious on impulses. For this, two things are needed - man can get up from both happiness and sorrow. According to Stoik's idea, the fundamental formula in life is this - bear hardship, stay away from people. This ideology was not favorable to the then-Greek condition, from there it reached Rome, where it got the proper environment. Roman valor and stoic attitude became synonyms. In Rome, Stoic's ideology got many qualified broadcasters. Among them is Epicitude and the name of Emperor Marcus Aurelius. Stoke thought wanted to make life consistent with human nature; Wisdom is the main part in this nature and the good life is the same in which the rule of wisdom will be. Also see them

wiki