Soybean

Soya bean pods Biodiesel produced from soybeans

Soybean is a crop. It is considered as a grain of oilseed rather than pulses.

Soybean is a very useful food for human nutrition and health. Soybean is an important food source. Its main components are proteins, carbohydents and fats. Soybean contains 33 percent protein, 22 percent fat, 21 percent carbohydrate, 12 percent moisture and 5 percent of the food.

The structure of amygamino acid of soyaprotein is equivalent to animal protein. Therefore soybean is a good source of high quality protein for human nutrition. As a carbohydient, there is dietary fiber, sugars, raffinos and starchios which are beneficial for microorganisms found in the stomach. Soybean oil contains plenty of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. These acids are essential fatty acids for the body. In addition soybean contains some other usefully useful components in isoflavone, lecithin and phytosterol form.

Soybean is not only an excellent source of protein, but also affects many physiological functions. Various researchers have studied the effect of soy protein on the amount of plasma lipid and cholesterol, and it has been found that soy protein is helpful in reducing the amount of cholesterol in the human blood. Soy protein is probably the first soybean component for specified health use. Specified health work of soybean components

Soybean cultivation Selection of land and preparation

Soybean cultivation can be successfully done in all types of land, except for more lightly and lightly ground, but the smooth loam with the drainage of water is more suitable for soybean. Do not take soybeans wherever the water in the field stops.

Summer planting should be done at least once in 3 years. Once the rain starts, the farm should be prepared by barking 2 or 3 times and running the pata. All stages of insects that are harmful will be destroyed. Cattle and pulverized soil are good for soybean. Filling of water in the field adversely affects the soybean crop and hence, it is necessary to have drainage system in the field for maximum production. As far as possible, do the last boar and pata in time so that sprouted weeds can be destroyed. Soya bean sown by making as much as possible manged and cooked ridge and ferro. Seed rate Soybean Crop Seed time

The time is up to the first week of July in the last week of June, for proper sprouting, the soil should be suitable moisture up to 10 cm depth. After the first week of July, the seed rate should increase by 5 to 10 percent. Plant number

4-5 lakhs of plants per hectare "40 to 60 per square meter" 's plant number is appropriate. J. S. 75 - 46 J. S. The number of plants in the 93-5 varieties is 6 lakh per hectare. For unlimited growing varieties of 4 lakhs and limited growth varieties, 6 lakhs of plants should be per hectare. Sowing method

The soybeans must be made in bony queues. Distance of the queue 30 cm "For Bonnie varieties" and 45 cm Suitable for large varieties. After 20 queues, the waste should be left vacant for water purifier and moisture protection. Seed 2.5 to 3 cm Sow deep Seeds and manure should be sown separately, so that the germination capacity is not affected. Seed Treatment

Germination of soybeans affects seeds and soil borne diseases. To prevent this, seeds should be treated with thorum or captopian 2 gm carbendazim or thioephenate methyl at the rate of 1 gram of sugar per kg of seeds or treated with trichoderma 4 grams and carbendazim 2 grams per kg of seeds. The use of culture

After seed treatment with fungicide, treat the seed with 5 grams of rhizobium and 5 grams of PBS sugar per kg of seeds. The treated seeds should be kept in shade and should be sown soon. Be careful not to mix fungal medicines and culture together. Integrated nutrition management

Good composted cow urine (compost) 5 tons per hectare available in the field at the time of last boar and 20 kg nitrogen 60 kg phosphor 20 kg potash and 20 kg sulfur per hectare during planting. This quantity can be increased on the basis of soil testing and prioritize the use of possible nadep, phospho compost. Chemical fertilizers in about 5 to 6 cm in the trash Should be put in depth. Zinc sulphate should be used in deep black soil after taking 5-6 grains per 50 kg of hectare and shallow mites at a rate of 25 kg per hectare. Weed management

Weed control is necessary for the first 30 to 40 days of the crop. Control the weed by running Dora or Kulfa when it comes out and after 30 and 45 days after the second germination occurs. For the destruction of the weeds in a standing crop of 15 to 20 days, the cageflap ethyl one liter per hectare or the girth of the total and some wide-leaf weeds, the imageagefire 750ml. Lee. Spraying is recommended at the rate of liter per hectare. Before sowing in the use of sleeping pills, pre-flowerlorelene 2 liters per hectare sprinkle in the fields before the end of bochani and dissolve in Awa pendimethylene 3 liters per hectare or Metolaclor 2 liter per hectare in 600 liters of water, with the help of Phalatfen or Flatjet nozzle, whole farm Sprinkle in There should be sufficient water and fruity in the soil of liquid weed killers. Irrigation

Due to the Kharif season crop, soybean generally does not require irrigation. If the moisture content in the field is not sufficient during the filling of beans in the beans, ie, in September, one or two light irrigation is beneficial for the production of soyabeen in abundance. Plant protection Insect

There is an outbreak of strawberry leaf stalks and cyclone (Girdle beetle) that damage seeds and blueberry leaves that damage seeds and small plants on soybean crop and attacks from insects 5 The yield decreases by 50 percent. Following measures for controlling these pests are: Agricultural control

Make the summer farm warm gill. Do not bow before monsoon rain Complete the Bonnie immediately after the arrival of monsoon. Keep the field sleepy. Intermediate cultivation of jowar or maize with soybean. Keep the fields free of crop residues and keep the rams clean. Chemical control

Theodithokazam 70 sq.w. at the time of sowing Early insect control is administered by treating at the rate of 3 grams of pig seeds at the rate of seeds, or as soon as the germination begins, the cyanolphos 1.5 percent or methyl parathiaan (Felidal 2 percent or Dhanudal 2 percent) 25 kg per kg for the control of blue beetle pest. The heater should be dried at the rate. Many types of ions are destroyed by eating small beans and fruits, and for controlling these pests, the following quantity of soluble medicines should be dissolved in 700 to 800 liters of water. A species of green wadi whose head is diluted and the lower part is watered by soya bean flowers and beans, so that plants become deformed. The crop looks like infertility. Since the stem fly on the crop, cyclone, green green weeds attack almost simultaneously so the first spraying should be done on 25 to 30 days and second spraying should be done on 40-45 days of crop. biological control

For biological control in the early stage of pests, spraying of Bt and breweries based biological pesticides 1 kg or 1 liter per hectare for 35-40 days and 50-55 days after sowing. N.P.V. Mix 250Le equivalent of 500 liters of water and make perfusion per hectare. Exchanging organic pesticides instead of chemical pesticides is beneficial.

1. Jardley in the Girdle Beetle affected area 335, J.S. 80 - 21, Js - 90 - 41, attachments

1.2. Break and destroy the affected branches during nineteen

1.3 Take the bundles straight away to the depth site after harvesting.

1.4. Quicken the spraying of the stem fly outdoors Disease

1. Monitor the crop only after harvesting. Use Light Trap and Pheromone tubes if possible.

2. Seed treatment is necessary. After this, due to the attack of fungus for disease control, seed seed should be treated with a mixture of Carbendazim 1 gram + 2gm thiram to prevent rotting seeds. Thiophennet methyl can be used instead of the thyrm at the place of keptan and carbendazim.

3. For controlling fungal diseases with various types of spots on leaves, spraying of Carbendazim 50 Dual P or Thioephennet Methyl 70WP 0.05 to 0.1% and 1 gm of drug per liter of water should be sprayed. The first spraying should be done at the 30 -35-day stage and the second spraying should be done at 40 - 45 days.

4. To control the disease called bacterial pyro, it is recommended that 200 ppm of streptocycline or kasugamycin be administered. 200 mg; The drug should be sprayed with a mixture of solution of water per liter and copper oxychloride 0.2 (2 gram per liter) of water solution. For Iraq, one liter of 10 grams of Streptocyclin and 20 grams of copper oxychloride can be used by making a solution.

5. Apply tolerant castes to the gerua in the affected areas (such as Betul, Chhindwara, Seoni) and 1 ml only when the initial symptoms of the disease appear. Hexaconazole 5 E.C. per liter Or Propiconazole 25 E.C. Or sprinkle the trayadimhan 25 WP Pulse solution at the rate of 10 gram per liter of oxycharbim.

6. Viral-born yellow mosaic disease and viral disease. Primarily spread by white flies, thrips etc. Therefore only healthy seed should be used without disease. And for the disease-spreading insects, Thiothètexone 70W. Treat them at a rate of 3 grams per kg and repeat at a 30-day interval. Remove sick plants from the fields. EthiopanProx 10 EC 1.0 liters per hectare thyothishem 25wg, 1000g / ha.

7. For the disease in yellow mosaic affected areas, only the resistant species of receptive crops (moong, urad, barbati) should be applied in the summer season and regular control of white fly in summer crops.

8. Neem's nymphal extract has proved to be effective for controlling defolators. Harvesting and Depth Most of the leaves should be harvested after the drought becomes dry and 10% of the beans are dry after drying them. 4-5 days after the Punjab ripening, J.S. 335, J.S. 76 - 205 and J. S. 72 - 44 JS 75 - 46 etc. starts drying after about 10 days after drying. After harvesting, dry reddish should be done for 2 to 3 days when cut crop is dried properly and both should be separated. Crop gahai thrasers, tractors, vines and hands should be beaten with wood. As far as possible the seed should be beaten with wood, so that the germination is not affected. Intermediate crop method

In the form of intermediate crops with soyabean, cultivate crops as follows:

1 . अरहर + सोयाबीन (2:4)

2 . ज्‍वार + सोयाबीन (2:2)

3 . मक्‍का + सोयाबीन (2:2)

4 . तिल + सोयाबीन (2:2)

The distance of the queues in Arhar and Soyabean is 30 cm Keep it. Pictogram Botanical description

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