Salamander

For other uses, see salamander (multiple choice).

Salamander is a common name for approximately 500 species of amphibians. They are usually identified with their thin body, small nose and long tail, these lizard-like characteristics. All known fossils and extinct species under the Codeata biological lineage, while the present species are sometimes classified together as Eurodella. Most salamanders have four fingers in the next leg and five fingers in the last leg. Their damp skin usually makes them live in water or near or under some protection (such as moist surface), often living in a wet place. Some species of salamanders are completely hydrated throughout their life span, some reside in water in the middle and some are completely terrestrial like adult Although it is a unique matter in the spinal cord but it is able to regenerate their lost organs and other parts of the body.

Attributes

Generally, the body texture of fully developed salamanders is simple four feet like lizards with thin body, long tail and four limbs. However, unlike some lizards, many species of salamanders do not have small or even small organs, which have their appearance as eel fish. In the next ingredient of most species, there are five fingers and no claws in the four and previous components. Salamanders are often brightly colored, either present in both sexes for years or only during males, especially during the reproduction period. However, the species that are completely underground habitats are often white or pink and there is no blur on the skin.

Many salamanders are relatively small, but there are certain exceptions. Their size extends from the very small salamanders with a tail length of 2.7-centimetre (1.1 in) to large Chinese salamanders, whose length is 1.8-meter (5.9 ft) and weights up to 65 kg (140 lb). It is possible. Although mostly consists of a length between 10-centimetre (3.9 inches) and 20-centimetre (7.9 inches). As the salamanders grow up, they regularly remove the outer layer of their skin (epidermis) and eat the scalp from it. A salamander in Mount Olympus National Park, Greece

The respiratory action is different in different species of salamander. Species that do not have lungs breathe through the gills. In most cases, these are the outer gills that appear like the calves on both sides of their head, although the amphiasmus have internal gills and gills. Some terrestrial salamanders have such lungs which are used in breathing, although they are simple and thistle in contrast to more complex organs found in mammals. Many species such as Olm have both lungs and gills as adults.

Some terrestrial species do not have both lungs and gills, and they exchange air through their skin, this process is called valerian respiration, in which the tubes of the entire capillary and into the mouth. Is spread out. Even some species of lungs can breathe through the skin in this manner.

Salamander is secreted from the skin of the mucus, which helps keep the organism moist in the dry places and maintains the balance of its salt while in water and also provides lubricant during the swim. Salamanders also secrete toxins from the glands present in their skin, and in some also have skin glands for the secretion of persuasion related pheromones.

Hunting is still another unique aspect of salamanders. In the lungless salamanders, the muscles surrounding the hypode are compressed to make pressure, and in fact, Hyde pulls the bone out of the mouth with a "shock" tongue. The tip of the tongue is made of a mucus, which makes its tip sticky so that the victim is caught. The muscles of the PETU region are used in order to rotate the tongue and to restore the last part of the hood to its original position.

Although many of the aquatic species do not have muscles in the tongue, it is not used to catch prey while most other species have a mobile tongue but without optimizing the hyoid bone. Most salamander species have small teeth in the upper and lower jaws. Unlike frogs, even such salivars are found in salamander larvae.

Salamanders use trichomatic color vision in ultraviolet range based on the maximum sensitive two types of photoreceptors of about 400 nm, 500 nm and 570 nm, to find their prey. Permanently underground salamanders have small eyes which may even be covered with a layer of skin. In adults of larvae and some extremely aquatic species, there is a later linear organ like fish that can detect changes in water pressure. Salamanders do not have external ears and only have a rudimentary middle ear.

Salamanders use their own independent tail to avoid predators. They drop their tail and it sings for a while and salamanders either escape or remain stable till that time the attention of the hunter is not divided. Salamanders regenerate complex tissues regularly. Salamanders completely reproduce the missing structure after a few weeks of losing any part of the foot. Delivery

Salamanders separated from other amphibians during the period from the middle of the Permenan Period and were initially similar to the modern members of Cryptobranchidia. Their similarity with lizards is the result of their normal memory of Simplaciomorphy, the physical structure of the opening fourteenths, and they are no longer linked to the lizards as closely as the mammals - or in that case from the birds. They have frogs and todds related to the inside of Batracia.

Codets are found in all continents except Australia, Antarctica, and most parts of Africa. One-third of the salamander's known species are found in North America. The largest gathering of them is found in the mountainous areas of Apalachane. There are many species of salamanders and they are found mostly in moist or dry habitats in the Northern Hemisphere. These usually reside in or near the river basins, in caves, ponds and other moist places. development

The life history of salamanders is similar to other amphibians, such as frogs or toddas. Most species fertilize their eggs indoors, in which the male deposits a sperm of sperm in a female mori. The earliest salamanders - which are classified together as cryptoobranquia - have an external fertilization instead. Eggs are also given in a moisturized environment, often in ponds, but sometimes also under damp clay or bromeliaids. Some species are ovoviviparous, in which women keep eggs in their bodies until their fertilization.

Thereafter, there is a phase of larva in which these creatures live in aquatic or terrestrial habit and it has gills available. Legs may or may not present legs in larva stage depending on species. The larvae phase may range from species to species for several days. Some species (such as dancing salamanders) do not have larvae stages at all, in which babies serve as eggs in small versions of adults.

Neotony has been observed in all the salamander families, in which individual salamander may have gills during sexual maturity. It can be universally possible in all species of salamander. Although more commonly the lack of gills, the development of the feet (or the increase in size), and the ability of the organism to keep active in the cosmic form, these conversions (metamophosis) continue. Decreasing number

A common deficiency in the number of living amphibians due to fungal disease chitradiomicosis also had a profound impact on salamanders. Although the researchers have not yet got any direct linkage between fungal and population degradation, they still believe that it has played a role. Researchers also see deforestation and climate change as potential factors contributing to this. It is based on surveys conducted during the 1970s and more recently in Guatemala. Particularly affected species were pseudoorussia brunata and pseudoeuria gabeli both were abundant during the 1970s. Classification

There are ten species related to the kodata order (dynasty) which have been divided into three sub-orders. The neocodata class is often used to separate cryopobranquia and salamandroidia from syrenoida. Legends and popular culture A salamander safe in the fire

Several legends about salamanders have evolved over the centuries, many of which are related to fire. The possibility of developing this relationship can be seen in the trend of staying in the collapse of many salamanders. On keeping wood in the woods, salamanders try to escape from it, from which the notion that salamanders were born from the fire - it is a belief that gave this animal its name.

Salamander with fire appears in the books of Aristotle, Pliny, Talmud, Conrad Lycosthins, Benvenuto Selene, Ray Bradbury, David Weber, Paracelsus and Leonardo Da Vinci. Effects of organ regeneration that apply to humans

The footprint of salamanders has been the center of great interest among scientists. There is a theory in the scientific community that such regeneration can be artificially reproduced in humans using stem cells. Xolotles are known for this research. Regional list Media

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