Index

In order to facilitate speaking and writing and to save time and labor, sometimes a very simple, incomprehensible and abbreviated form of the word is used in place of a large or complex word, so that the audience and readers The entire word (or original word) is easily understood. Such short form of words is called a suffix (hence, abrivation, briefing).

In this verb to make big or complex words short or simple, often the first two, three or more letters of the original word, and if the original word (name) is composed of many words, then take the first letter of those words Used as separate letters or an independent word. The use of such indexes is sometimes used to be so much that the original word often closes and the signature becomes part of the written language and takes the form of that original word. A simple example of this is "UNESCO", which in fact is composed of the first letter of five words used in this long name, "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Similarly, there is a very popular word "Mister" in English, which is rarely written in full form. Whenever the word has to be written in any context, then by not writing the entire word, only its signature is Mr. Work is done from the same. The feminine form of the same word "Mrs." or "Mistress" was never written in its entirety, only the letter signed Mrs. Is written as. History

The nature of the animal is that it likes the simple and short-term task rather than the difficult and the time-consuming task. The signature can also be said to be the donation of this natural nature of human nature. The opinion of scholars and language experts is that the practice of lists is being used since time immemorial. Ancient examples of sun signs can be easily seen in coins and inscriptions of ancient times, whereas short forms or indexes of words were used to save the workplace on the coins and inscriptions and the writing of inscriptions. In modern times, the indexes are seen on coins of different countries.

In ancient palaeography, there are many examples of indexes. In ancient writings, two main reasons for writing words in short form or using indexes in place of original words are given -

(1) The desire to save the labor of writing large or complicated words or words repeatedly used in a single context (or article) In such a situation, indexes were used instead of the original words or words when their meaning is easily understood in the same way as the original word is written,

(2) Willingness to save space to write means that desire to write as much as possible in limited space.

If a writer uses a simple index of a scientific or technical subject for a complex or big word in a book or article, it is often seen that the use of it is used by other authors and scholars related to the same area. Soon take your own. It is often seen in legal documents, public and private papers, and many other types of paperwork used in day-to-day use that the overwhelming and complex wording of the word repeatedly comes into circulation. These checklists are first created by a person special only for their own personal use, but later on they are gradually using other people to understand them as convenient.

The simplest form of indexes is that in which a word is used (usually the first) or more than two or three letters. In ancient Greek coins, only the first two or three letters of their names are found in place of the full names of the cities. Similarly, in the ancient inscriptions, the names of the cities, along with some other big and complex words, are also available. In Ancient Rome, the official position, title, or title was understood only with the initials.

After a period of time continuous use continues, they become part of written language after some time. In ancient Greek literature, there are many such prominences that are prevalent in the same form and meaning in modern Greek, in the form and meaning of which they were prevalent hundreds of years ago. Even in the present tense, we used to speak of daily life and use such a number of indexes in written language, now it has become part of the language and whose full form is known to very few people. Such types of letters are rarely written or spoken in the form of the original word. NATO, Sito, Santo, Gestapo, CID, V.P. (P.) etc. There are some such indexes.

The materials related to ancient Egypt are obtainable and which are safe in the Cairo Museum and the British Museum, (London), it is found that in the ancient Greek and Latin languages, the indexes were also used. The method of making indexes in the Ancient Greek language was very simple. Either the first letter of the original word was written after it by drawing two horizontal lines, or the number of the original word was to be dropped, the first letter of the original word was written above some of the initial part of the original word and it was used to make sense. Occasionally two letters were written above something like the initial one.

The handwritten texts on the Constitution of Athens written in Aristotle are attainable and those used to be written by the clerks of the first century (100 AD) also contain the use of the indexes. In these texts, a regular method of creating a prefix and some other words is found.

In the British Museum (London), copies of the sixth century of "Iliad" are also used in the indexes. In these copies the words that have been used for the indexes, the first letter of the alphabet has been written in front of the first letter, which suggests that these words are written briefly. In the Bible, lists of saints are often used for the names of saints.

In the Latin language, the practice of writing the first letter of the big words in the form of a signature is met with abundance. By this method, the common words coming from the nouns (nonsense word), name, title, title, and masterpieces of topical writers have also been abbreviated. According to this practice, after writing the first letter of the original word (or name), it was used to make a point of introduction after placing a point. But this method can only be used for a certain extent, because there are many words starting with the same letter. The index should be such that there is no confusion of any word other than a certain word in a certain context. Perhaps due to this the use of some special symbols in the Latin language as well as the first letter of the original word for the indexes.

Before the invention of printing art, the use of indexes was increasing in writing. Even sometimes, the use of 4-5 indexes in the same sentence was used simultaneously, which often leads to big confusion.

In view of the speed at which the use of indexes in the modern era has increased, this era can be said in other words as well as the era of indexes. The number of indexes has become so high that many of them have been published in English language until a large collection.

As already mentioned, most signatures are manufactured only for a specific purpose or region. When this particular purpose is completed or the work of that area is finished, those signatures also disappear, respectively. Eventually one time comes when they also do not exist. During the Great War era, various government departments in Europe and the United States started using different signatures for military operations. After the war, when these government offices and departments were closed due to unnecessary or the work of those departments ended, there were no useful utility codes used for them. As such, most of the signatures of that time have become unknown today.

The use of indexes in the English language came from the 14th century. In the 14th century, in the example of famous famous signature we can take the word "Cajm" which was used for Carmelites, Augustinians, Jacobins and Minorities, And which is made up of the first letter of these words. In the history of England in the 17th century, the Parliament known as "Cabal" is famous. This name was created by combining five of the government's five ministers, Cliford, Arlington, Buckingham, Ashley and Lauderadale. After 1930, the practice of making such names (suggestive) in America spread rapidly. The result was that in most modern subjects of knowledge, the indexes became prevalent, the indexes used to be used for almost every office, department, subdivision of the US government. And yet, the practice has spread so far that every small company, University, College, Institution, Establishment etc is more well known than the name of the name rather than the name. In this connection, it should also be said as an entertaining fact that the name of the country which is most credited for increasing the indexes in the modern era, its name is also written in English only and not written in English only. Similarly, it is also often referred to as NY for its capital New York. In the USA, people are 'College on the City of New York' by CCNY (C.C.N.Y.) think more convenient. Even in India, now in the educated community, the Banaras Hindu University does not have the BHU than the full name. (B.H.U.) is better known.

In the countries of America and Europe, it has become a practice now that while naming any company, institution, agency etc etc., it is also taken care of that the words used in its name Any simple, convenient signature can be made from letters. "Escope" (Ascap = American Society of Composers, Author and Publishers), "Loolop" (Lulop = London Union List of Periodicals) etc. Examples of such indexes .

There are different types of indexes for different subjects too. When Western music is to be written, some specific notations are used for it. Prevalent "T.B." in medicine By the word, now the common man is familiar. It's really just a checklist. Some symbols work in mathematical texts. It is not necessary to give the readers the introduction of symbols -, +, ¸, =, \, etc. These are also a type of dictation. The work of topics such as astronomy, astrology, mathematics, medicine, chemistry and musical science etc. can not be followed without a list. In chemistry, indexes are used for the names of various chemical elements. These checklists are often the first letter of original English words. When the name of two elements starts with the same letter, the first two letters are used in their indexes. For some elements, especially those elements which are known since ancient times, the first letters of Latin names are also used. For example, the insignia of iron is Fe, which is literally made from the Latin 'Ferrum'. For more detailed information about how such an experiment occurs, more information may be found in the English chemistry term under the encyclopedia.

In the current era, the increase in indexes can be given to a lot of credit. One of the main principles of newspapers is that more and more news is given in the abstract form in the least space. News can be successful in this purpose with the help of indexes. Currently the unofficial names that have become popular for the names of many political parties and organizations, are literally the same as newspapers. Nato, Sito and Pesopa will never be imagined by their founders, but for the convenience of newspapers, "NATO" for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and the Praja Socialist Party ", Started using simple and intriguing lists like 'BJP' for the Bharatiya Janata Party.

Newspapers also make a list of names of political leaders. For the Prime Minister of Russia Mr. Nikita S. Kruschev, only for "K" and the British Prime Minister Mr. Harold Macmillan, the work was done only by writing "Mac" (Mac). For Indian President Mr. Eisenhower, Hindi letters were also using only the word Ik.

In view of the unexpected increase in indexes in the modern era, we can call them Technical Language, which can be used under ordinary language. Regarding mathematical science and chemistry, the use of which can be used in all countries is equally known, this particular thing can be said. The lists of these topics are used equally by breaking the bonds of nationalism, religion, character etc. Degrees and courses in the academic world are often known only by the indexes. B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Etc. The word has become so prevalent that their original words "Bachelor of Arts", "Master of Arts", and "Doctor of Philosophy" etc. are rarely used elsewhere besides certificates. In the field of industry, business etc., a long list of indexes is also used. In modern life, the indexes have made so much space that knowing their meaning has now begun to be considered necessary for achieving success in daily life.

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Make rules

There are no definite rules for making the signature. There can be so many signatures for a single word or name that sometimes many wordlists are prevalent for the same word. However, in the present, a variety of types of indexes have become prevalent, when we study them we find some rules for making the index, which is as follows -

(1) The simplest form of the indexes is in which only the initials of words used in a name are used, as in USA (United States of America), A. ( Uttar Pradesh), ABSK.K. (All India Congress Committee), IAS (Indian Administration Service), Prof. R. (Press trust), api (Associated Press of India), H.R.H. (Hez or every royal hainess) etc.

(2) A cover letter made by combining the first and last letters of the original word, such as Dr. (Doctor), Mr. (Mister), Fa (Florida) etc.

(3) Write some letters used in the original word in this sequence that they instinctively understand the original word. As: (Limited) Bldg. (Building) etc.

(4) Writing so much elementary part of the original word that it makes the whole word easy to understand. Professor in English. (Professor), Wash (Washington), and Co. in Hindi. (Company), ltd. (Limited), Dr. (Doctor), Pt. (Pandit) etc.

(5) Combining certain pieces of words that are used in the original word or name that can be created as an independent word in their mail, such as the Tata Iron and Steel Company Gestapo (Radio detection and ranging system, Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands and Luxemburg), Impa (Indian Motion Pictures Producers Association) etc.

(6) By not uttering words (or writing) in complete form, only to say (or write) their initials as-Ace (Alternative Current), D.C. (Direct Current), D.C. (Direct Current or Deputy Collector), A.G.M. Annual General Meeting, H.P. (Horse Power), M.P.H. (Mile per hour) etc.

(7) Miscellaneous - In this category, we can keep such indexes, which are a part of the original word, however, which have now become known as independent words themselves. Such as flu (influenza), photo (photographer), auto (automobile), etc.

Names of some famous persons have now become prevalent. G. B. S. for George Bernard Shaw in English Literature And RLS for Robert Louis Stevenson Is used. Similarly, in the politics, the former President of the United States, Mr. Franklin D. Roosevelt, had a FDR And the "Ike" commentary used for former President Mr. Eisenhower is well known to the public. To say Frederick to Fred, William to Bill, patricia to Patricia, Bisu to Vishwanath in Hindi, Paramu in Hindi, Chamele etc., is also to use only the signature, however, in this brief form only the affection or love Is called due to.

It is also sometimes seen that the same index is used for many words (names). Therefore, it should be understood only by context, otherwise it can sometimes mean disaster. A famous index of English, P.C. Means Police Constable, Privy Council, Peace Commission, Postcard, Portland Cement, Panama Canal, Price Current, etc. In the context of newspapers, ABC Means audit bureau circulation, but when in a political context, ABBC It is called Argentina, Brazil and Chile. In any Hindi dictionary, generally NO It means the noun, but in a newspaper directory it means the editor.

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